Liberalization of foreign exchange regime and instability of national currency are among the major factors that shaped the level and strength of currency substitution in Ukraine. In this paper, a problem of currency substitution is addressed from the point of view of households. It is argued that the most conventional measure of currency substitution, namely the ratio of foreigncurrency denomin...

Analysis of the currency networks is not easy as the transactions are not centralized but rather take place over a large number of banks and commercial entities. Digital crypto currencies, however, require a public ledger to work and provide an opportunity for analysis of currency transactions. A crypto currency is a medium of exchange using cryptography to secure the transactions and to contro...

The paper compares the credibility of currency boards and (standard) pegs. Abandoning a currency board requires a time-consuming legislative process and an abolition will thus be previously expected. Therefore, a currency board solves the time inconsistency problem of monetary policy. However, policy can react to unexpected shocks only with a time lag, thus the threat of large shocks makes the ...

Currency recognition is an important area of pattern recognition. A system for the recognition of currency is one kind of intelligent system which is a very important need of the current automation systems in the modern world of today. Currency Recognition and is implemented to reduce human power to automatically recognize the amount monetary value of currency and without human supervision. The...

This paper attempts to examine the effect of a currency devaluation on domestic output by incorporating the Coase (1937) assertion into a standard open economy model. Our results show that there will be multiple equilibria in the labor market, i.e. low or high employment equilibrium, because of transaction cost externalities. If the labor market is in the high-employment equilibrium, a currency...

This paper attempts to examine the securitization, negotiability and profitability aspects of three types of muèŒrabah instruments; namely, asset-enfaced muèŒrabah instruments, currency-enfaced muèŒrabah instruments representing monetary contributions and currency-enfaced muèŒrabah instruments representing real assets. This paper begins with a distinction between ribŒ (usury) and profit and con...

This paper presents the various fake currency detection techniques. Fake currency is imitation currency produced without the legal sanction of the state or government. Producing or using fake currency is a form of fraud or forgery. Over the past few years, as a result of the great technological advances in colour printing, duplicating and scanning, counterfeiting problems have become more and m...