RATIONALE Chronic persistent cough can be associated with laryngeal dysfunction that leads to symptoms such as dysphonia, sensory hyperresponsiveness to capsaicin, and motor dysfunction with paradoxical vocal fold movement and variable extrathoracic airflow obstruction (reduced inspiratory airflow). Successful therapy of chronic persistent cough improves symptoms and sensory hyperresponsiveness...

Six of 284 patients treated with infliximab developed active tuberculosis. Four (67%) of these patients had a paradoxical response to antituberculous therapy. Physicians should be aware of the increased risk of a paradoxical response in this population and should consider the use of corticosteroids when a paradoxical reaction is suspected.

Paradoxical breathing or “paradoxical inward rib cage movements” without frank sleep apnea is a clinical description of the “upper airway resistance syndrome”. Upper airway resistance syndrome is thought to be a distinct entity and not just a part of the continuum of obstructive sleep apnea; paradoxical breathing in children appears to be a separate entity from the classic patient with marked a...

A 32-year-old woman with a 4-year history of multiple sclerosis presented with persistent clawing of the right hand. History revealed that she and five family members had lifelong symptoms of paradoxical myotonia (impaired relaxation of muscles following muscle contraction), exacerbated by cold. The family was diagnosed with paramyotonia congenita, based on neurophysiological and genetic studie...

The sleeping patterns of postanaesthetic state and behaviour in unrestrained cats were studied for two weeks. The percentages of wakefulness, slow wave sleep, drowsiness, and paradoxical sleep were not affected by nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Sleeping patterns were changed for several days after halothane anaesthesia; firstly paradoxical sleep decreased and drowsiness increased, then paradoxical ...

It is generally accepted that rapid eye movements (REM) are the most characteristic phenomenon of paradoxical sleep among birds and mammals. This is the reason why Dement and Kleitman (1957) who first described this kind of sleep, called it REM-sleep. The occurrence of REM during paradoxical sleep is fairly well described in humans (Mouret and Jeanne~od 1964, Gabersek and Scherrer 1969), monkey...

Hooker et al. (2009) defined a paradoxical result as the attainment of a higher test score by changing answers from correct to incorrect and demonstrated that such results are unavoidable for maximum likelihood estimates in multidimensional item response theory. The potential for these results to occur leads to the undesirable possibility of a subject’s best answer being detrimental to them. Th...

INTRODUCTION Buruli ulcer (BU) is the third most frequent mycobacterial disease in immunocompetent persons after tuberculosis and leprosy. During the last decade, eight weeks of antimicrobial treatment has become the standard of care. This treatment may be accompanied by transient clinical deterioration, known as paradoxical reaction. We investigate the incidence and the risks factors associate...

Paradoxical therapy consists of suggesting that the patient intentionally engages in the unwanted behaviour such as performing compulsive ritual or wanting a conversion attack. In this study, the subjects were selected by the emergency unit psychiatrist from patients who were admitted to the emergency unit with pseudoseizure. The diagnoses was based on DSM-IV criteria. Paradoxical intention was...