Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a prototype member of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1), which causes severe and contagious disease in the commercial poultry and wild birds. In this study, we report the results of phylogenetic analyses of recent NDVs isolated from Markazi province of Iran during a recent outbreak in the commercial broiler with respiratory signs and digestive system lesio...

Reintroductions are increasingly utilized for the conservation of endangered avian species. To avert disease-related failures, studies to determine disease risks should be performed prior to the implementation of any avian reintroduction program. The presence, and prevalence, of disease-causing agents in both the source population and in birds at the site of reintroduction may help better direc...

Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus is a paramyxovirus associated with recent outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in turkeys. On morphological criteria it resembles the pneumoviruses more than the other members of the paramyxovirus family. In this communication we report the identification of five virus-induced polypeptides in TRT virus-infected BS-C-1 cells. The Mr of these polypeptides were...

Bats are recognized reservoirs for many emerging zoonotic viruses of public health importance. Identifying and cataloguing the viruses of bats is a logical approach to evaluate the range of potential zoonoses of bat origin. We characterized the fecal pathogen microbiome of both insectivorous and frugivorous bats, incorporating 281 individual bats comprising 20 common species, which were sampled...

Measles is an acute, communicable, disease characterized by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, a confluent erythematous maculopapular rash and Koplik's spots. The measles virus is classified as RNA containing paramyxovirus with only one antigenic type known. Measles case fatality rates, for all age groups, have decreased because of improved socio-economic conditions and effective antibacterial ther...

The flightless cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi) is an endemic species of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Health studies of the species have not previously been conducted. In August 2003, baseline samples were collected from flightless cormorant colonies on the islands of Isabela and Fernandina. Seventy-six birds, from nestlings to adults, were evaluated. Genetic sexing of 70 cormorants reveale...

O-linked glycosylation is a ubiquitous protein modification in organisms belonging to several kingdoms. Both microbial and host protein glycans are used by many pathogens for host invasion and immune evasion, yet little is known about the roles of O-glycans in viral pathogenesis. Reportedly, there is no single function attributed to O-glycans for the significant paramyxovirus family. The paramy...

Characterization of isolated pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PMV-1) and its pathogenicity in broiler chickens were studied. Two hundred and thirty-two samples collected from 50 unvaccinated pigeons lofts suspected to Newcastle disease from private houses and bird markets from Ahvaz, Iran. Swab samples from cloaca and oropharynx of live pigeons and from trachea, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, prove...