The problem of parasitic residual deposition on the passivation layer in electroless deposition process is studied in this paper. The characterization analysis tools involved are focused ion beam (FIB), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive Xray (EDX) and metallurgical interface analysis. Samples were identified as either good or bad prior to the characterization process via a...

Splenic cysts are rare tumors, grouped into parasitic and non-parasitic cysts, no-parasitic further classified primary secondary depending on the mucous membrane of cyst, radiological imaging allows diagnosis to be made but confirmation is based an atom-o-pathological examination part. surgical treatment cornerstone symptomatic complicated splenic cysts. The conservative a reference for We repo...

We compared Heterorhabditis bacteriophora GPS11 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to the ESTs of animal-parasitic, human-parasitic, plant-parasitic, and free-living nematodes. We identified 127 previously nondescribed ESTs of which 119 had homologs in ESTs and 8 had homologs in proteins of free-living nematodes. These ESTs were assigned putative functions in transcription, signal transduction, cel...

Abstract This paper introduces a new parasitic-insensitive charge transfer circuit using active output voltage feedback. The proposed parasitic-insensitive charge transfer circuit uses a passive charge transfer circuit for maximum output voltage dynamic range. A feedback loop between the transfer and output nodes is formed using a unity-gain opamp to make the two nodes’ potentials same, which p...

Once an animal begins to acquire behavior by social learning, it may be seduced by parasitic parasitic, behavior that reduces the animal’s fitness and thereby increases its own spread. However, the animal’s psychology will coevolve, potentially limiting the influence and spread of parasitic behavior. I revisit prominent models of the evolution of social learning and introduce the possibility of...

Strigolactones (SLs) are a collection of related small molecules that act as hormones in plant growth and development. Intriguingly, SLs also act as ecological communicators between plants and mycorrhizal fungi and between host plants and a collection of parasitic plant species. In the case of mycorrhizal fungi, SLs exude into the soil from host roots to attract fungal hyphae for a beneficial i...

BACKGROUND Indigenous biocultural knowledge is a vital part of Nepalese environmental management strategies; however, much of it may soon be lost given Nepal's rapidly changing socio-ecological climate. This is particularly true for knowledge surrounding parasitic and mycoheterotrophic plant species, which are well represented throughout the Central-Eastern Himalayas but lack a collated record....

Numerous pathogenic or parasitic organisms attack plant roots to obtain nutrients, and the apoplast including the plant cell wall is where the plant cell meets such organisms. Root parasitic angiosperms and nematodes are two distinct types of plant root parasites but share some common features in their strategies for breaking into plant roots. Striga and Orobanche are obligate root parasitic an...

Coevolution is often invoked as an engine of biological diversity. Avian brood parasites and their hosts provide one of the best-known examples of coevolution. Brood parasites lay their eggs in the nests of other species, selecting for host defences and reciprocal counteradaptations in parasites. In theory, this arms race should promote increased rates of speciation and phenotypic evolution. He...

This paper presents an analysis of the effect of parasitic resistances on the performance of DC-DC Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC) in photovoltaic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) applications. The energy storage elements incorporated in the SEPIC converter possess parasitic resistances. Although ideal components significantly simplifies model development, but neglecting the ...