Climate change and urbanization can alter the burden of human diseases. The tropics, a region that includes the poorest populations and highest disease burdens, are expected to get slightly hotter and substantially more urban. Studies have projected changing burdens under different climate or urbanization scenarios, but it remains unclear what will happen if both happen at once. Interactions co...

Public policy often imposes administrative burdens that constrain people’s ability to access benefits and affirmatively exercise fundamental rights. In this article, we extend the burden framework argue state also places on people who have involuntary contact with coercive institutions, such as child welfare system. Just lock “undeserving,” marginalized populations out of benefits, into intrusi...

In the global humanitarian realm, there is much discussion and concern for burdens that states endure when it comes to refugee populations. The word “burden” appears in Preamble of 1951 Refugee Convention reference placing “unduly heavy burdens” on specific host countries compels international community intervene such situations. While have been attempts change language from burden-sharing resp...

conclusions capillaria hepatica should be considered in differential diagnoses in any child with fever, hepatomegaly, eosinophilia and hyperglobulinemia. case presentation the current paper reports a case of capillaria hepatica infection in a four-year-old boy which presented with fever, hepatomegaly, peripheral eosinophilia, and noticeable weight loss. the diagnosis was made on the histologica...

a checklist of iranian cryptinae (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) for all species recorded of iran is given. the list is based on detailed studies of all available published data and some new collected samples. until now 123 species in 42 genera belonging to 3 tribes of this subfamily have been known from iran. cryptinae is the most species-rich subfamilies of ichneumonidae, and has a worldwide dis...