Parasitic infections previously seen only in developing tropical settings can be currently diagnosed worldwide due to travel and population migration. Some parasites may directly or indirectly affect various anatomical structures of the heart, with infections manifested as myocarditis, pericarditis, pancarditis, or pulmonary hypertension. Thus, it has become quite relevant for clinicians in dev...

The mammalian immune system is continuously exposed to infectious microorganisms as well as innocuous substances in the environment. Depending on the genetic makeup, the innate and adaptive immune responses develop and determine the frequency and the course of infectious diseases. The immune response to an infection is initiated by molecular recognition of damage-associated patterns (DAMPs) by ...

The association of vertebrate hosts with the indigenous microbiota and its effect on the response to infections has long been a subject of scientific curiosity. From the first theory supported by Louis Pasteur that life would be impossible in the absence of associated microorganisms to the development of germfree mammals for research, a lot was learned about how the normal microbiota influences...

background skin infectious diseases are common worldwide. epidemiologic studies lead to better understanding of disease profiles and health service organization. conclusions in our study fungal and viral infections were the most common infectious diseases. we think epidemiological studies to determine the burden of skin infections are useful for proper health care planning. results mean age of ...

In this study prevalence of parasites in 118 samples (62 foxes and 56 jackals) was investigated in Ilam province of Iran, in 2010-2013, situated in the western part of the national capital of Iran. The nematodes which were cleared in lactophenol, cestodes and acanthocephalans were stained using acetocarmine and haematoxylen, respectively for identification of the parasite species. Cryptosporidi...