Background: Cognitive impairment plays a role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has important consequences for patient management. However, many aspects of cognitive impairment in PD remain unclear because of the use of different and often invalid measurement instruments. In this study, a reliable and valid instrument, the SCales for Outcomes in PArkinson’s disease-COGnition (SCOPA-COG), was used...

INTRODUCTION Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2 or Dardarin) are considered to be a common cause of autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson´s disease, but the prevalence of these mutations varies among populations. OBJECTIVE to analyzed the frequency of the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation (c.6055 G>A transition) in a sample of Colombian patients. METHODS In the present stud...

motor units (mus) reflect the function of the central nervous motor system. thus, the estimated mu number is a good option to investigate the functional movement disorder in the parkinson’s disease (pd). the purpose of this study was to compare the estimated mus number in the medial gastrocnemius (mg) muscle of the normal rats and those with the parkinsonism. the mg muscle of two age-matched gr...

conclusions this study estimated that the prevalence of major depression among iranian individuals with pd living in kermanshah as 44%. major determinants of depression were female gender, rigidity, impaired posture, masked face, hyposmia, and anhedonia. results a total of 350 patients (52.9% men and 47.1% women) participated in this investigation. female gender (36.5% in women vs. 13.0% in men...

After Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease (PD) is considered the most common neurodegenerative disease. Its prevalence is the same in all area but it is common in males than females. From every 100 persons who are above 60 years old, one of them has PD. Also 5-10% of patients are less than 40 years old. This progressive neuroinflammation disease isn’t fatal. In 60% of cases is with depre...

Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based diagnosis of medical diseases has been taken into great consideration in recent years. In this paper, two types of ANNs are used to classify effective diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) with back-propagation learning algorithm and Radial Basis Function (RBF) ANNs were used to differentiate between clinical variables of sampl...

background: despite the negative effect of fear of falling during functioning and social participation of patients with parkinson' disease, so far, only few studies have investigated its effect on the quality of life in these patients. we aimed to investigate the association between fear of falling and quality of life controlling for balance impairments based on hip and ankle strategy in d...

Parkinson disease is one of the neurodegenetive disease with a prevalence of about 1% in people older than 65.from a pathological point of view,degeneration of neuromelanin cells in pars compacta of substantia nigra has been established.the reason of degeneration is unknouwn.increase in iron concentration in substantia of parkinson,s patients has been established.the  increase of iron in this p...

abstract   background: to improve the debilitating features of parkinson disease (pd) different medical and surgical approaches are available. subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (stn-dbs) was appeared to be a promising method during last two decades. this study aimed to evaluate early motor outcomes of this procedure in first trial of iranian patients .   methods: thirty-seven consecuti...

background: looking in literature reveals that aging is accompanied by olfactory dysfunction and hyposmia/anosmia is a common manifestation in some neurodegenerative disorders. olfactory dysfunction is regarded as non-motor manifestations of parkinson disease (pd). the main goal of this study was to examine the extent of olfactory dysfunction in persian pd patients. methods: we used seven types...