the main purpose of this descriptive–survey research was to analysis of improvement mechanism of wheat consultant engineers' project in isfahan province. the main population consisted of 87 extension experts’ and 164 of wces in isfahan province and through randomized sampling 55 samples of extension experts’ and 95 of wces were selected to answer the questionnaires. the validity of questio...

A normative literature in political science and public administration calls for enhanced citizen participation in public decisions. However, this approach overlooks the environment that shapes administrative behavior, an oversight likely to hamper reform efforts targeted at achieving the normative goals of participation. The administrative perspective is important because public managers shape ...

over the past decades, participatory approaches to development have been the center of attention not only as a means to sustainable development but also as an end. although women's role in rural development is emphasized, their participation in extension educational programs is nevertheless limited. using sherry aronstein theoretical framework, the descriptive-survey research aims to deter...

the purpose of research was analyzing educational needs of corn farmer's regarding biological control bracon parasitoid of corn caradrina in dezful township, khouzestan province, iran. the method of research was correlative descriptive. a random sample of dezful township corn farmers of khouzestan province, iran (n=350) were selected for participation in the study. a questionnaire was developed...

Agricultural extension, as an informal educational system, is one of agricultural development tools that lean on human capitals. Inefficiency of public bureaucracy on the one hand, and managerial problems on the other hand, as well as neglecting real needs of beneficiaries in planning, have determined responsible to transfer administrative tasks to the private sector and reduce government''s te...

this study is aimed at evaluating and measuring the factors affecting the dezful wheat farmers` attitude toward the extension of wheat waste reduction. the method of research was correlative- descriptive. the population of this study is all farmers cultivated wheat in dezful from 2011 to 2012 (n=5291). the number of samples size was 360 based on krejcie and morgan table. panel of experts and al...

Discussion forum and clickstream are two primary data streams that enable mining of student behavior in a massively open online course. A student’s participation in the discussion forum gives direct access to the opinions and concerns of the student. However, the low participation (5-10%) in discussion forums, prompts the modeling of user behavior based on clickstream information. Here we study...

introduction youth, as constructors of the future community, play an important role in rural economy and agriculture of developing countries. rural youth accounts for around 55% of the world youth population. it was estimated that by the year 2050, 700 million youth are in rural areas. they develop the skills, knowledge and attitudes that enable them to take an active role in society. but as is...