results no significant changes were observed in serum potassium, phosphorus and calcium levels at the end of the passive exercise program compared to the baseline. however, phosphorus levels were significantly decreased in the active exercise program (p < 0.05). moreover, the mean diastolic blood pressure was significantly decreased after the passive exercise (p = 0.039). passive exercise did n...

background & aim : ventilator associated pneumonia (vap) is the most common infections in critical care units, which leads to more length of hospital stay, costs, and high mortality. therefore, prevention is a priority according to clinical guidelines. the aim of this study is determine the effects of passive versus active implementation of vap guidelines on nurses’ performance in critical care...

Letter to the editor.

The scope of this article was to describe indoor passive smoking, at home and at work, among Brazilians (15+ years) participants of the "Special Research on Smoking", a sub-sample of the PNAD 2008. Non-smokers who reported exposure to indoor household smoking were classified as daily or occasional passive smokers, based on the frequency of exposure. Associations with socio-demographic factors w...

OBJECTIVES The recently enacted Israeli Dying Patient Act was designed to strike balance between enhancing patient autonomy in end-of-life decision making and cultural/religious norms that are in opposition to active euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS). The current study evaluated physician attitudes regarding active and passive euthanasia, and their knowledge of specific aspects of...

The idea of passive euthanasia has recently been attacked in a particularly clear and explicit way by an "Ethics Task Force" established by the European Association of Palliative Care (EAPC) in February 2001. It claims that the expression "passive euthanasia" is a contradiction in terms and hence that there can be no such thing. This paper critically assesses the main arguments for the Task For...

OBJECTIVE To assess whether passive smoking exposure at home is a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults. SETTING A population-based case-control study was designed in a Mediterranean area with 860 000 inhabitants >14 years of age. PARTICIPANTS 1003 participants who had never smoked were recruited. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Risk factors for CAP, includin...

background: in high-intensity, mixed and pulsed neutron fields the use of spectrometers or area monitors with active detectors is useless in these conditions neutron measuring devices must have a passive detector. here a passive neutron area monitor with cr39 track detector was designed and the response was calculated. materials and methods: the response of a passive neutron area monitor with c...

This study examined the effects of passive stretching only (PS+CON) and passive stretching with the addition of continuous vibration (VIB) during post-passive stretching tests (PS+VIB) on peak torque (PT), percent voluntary inactivation (%VI), single stimulus twitch torque (TTSINGLE), and doublet stimuli twitch torque (TTDOUBLET) of the plantar flexors at a short (20° plantar flexion (PF)) and ...