Studies in South Australia in the 1930-40's showed that the coastal areas .and, to a lesser extent, the areas inland had inadequate levels of cobalt and copper for livestock health and production. Since these studies, selenium responsive conditions have been recognised in livestock depastured on the ironstone soils in the higher rainfall areas and also in isolated, but at present ill-defined, a...

Marton (Argillic Perched-gley Pallic, Typic Endoaqualf), Ohakune (Typic Orthic Allophanic, Typic Hapludand), and Westmere (Mottled Mafic Melanic, Mollic Hapludalf) soils with differing structural vulnerability were compared at matched sites under different land uses. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) from indigenous forest (>50 yr), permanent pasture (>50 yr), pine plantation (>20 yr), or arable croppi...

Land-use change accounted for 18% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2000, making it the second largest source of emissions, after the power sector. These emissions arise from a change in the management of land by humans, such as conversion of forests to pasture land. The following sections will explain the role of the land, that is plants and soils, in the natural carbon cycle, and how chan...

Heating effects on carbon and mineral nitrogen contents of soils within different land use types were investigated in this study. With this intention we collected soil samples from 3 different land use types which are abandoned agricultural lands (AAL), shrub land (SL) and Oak forest land (OFL) and are in neighborhood with each other. The sampling was made at mid-summer to provide a better corr...

While tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) provide critical hydrological services to downstream regions throughout much of the humid tropics, catchment hydrology and impacts associated with forest conversion in these ecosystems remain poorly understood. Here, we compare the annual, seasonal and event-scale streamflow patterns and runoff generation processes of three neighbouring headwater catc...

Archaeal communities in many acidic forest soil systems are dominated by a distinct crenarchaeal lineage Group 1.1c. In addition, they are found consistently in other acidic soils including grassland pasture, moorland and alpine soils. To determine whether soil pH is a major factor in determining their presence and abundance, Group 1.1c community size and composition were investigated across a ...

Urine excreted by cattle can produce very high concentrations of available N in relatively small volumes of soil and lead to high nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Application of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) can inhibit nitrification. DCD application results in lower nitrate (NO3 ) concentrations and N2O emissions from denitrification in urine affected soils. However, the effect...

A study was initiated to investigate the relationship between soil test P and depth of soil sampling with runoff losses of dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus (DMRP). Rainfall simulations were conducted on two noncalcareous soils, a Windthorst sandy loam (fine, mixed, thermic Udic Paleustalf) and a Blanket clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Argiustoll), and two calcareous soils, a Purve...

Alternative stable states have long been thought to exist in natural communities, but direct evidence for their presence and for the environmental switches that cause them has been scarce. Using a combination of greenhouse and field experiments, we investigated the environmental drivers associated with two distinctive herbaceous communities in coastal ecosystems in New Zealand. In a mosaic unre...