We examine the intersection of patents and antitrust where a patent holder uses the monopoly power it possesses in the market for a patented product to exclude competitors in an adjacent market and attempt to monopolize or monopolize the adjacent market. The present scheme for awarding patents cannot judge when the issuance of a patent will lead to the appropriate balance between innovation and...

It is clear that technology is a key driver of economic growth. Much less clear is where new technologies are produced and how the geography of U.S. invention has changed over the last two hundred years. Patent data report the geography, history, and technological characteristics of invention. However, those data have only recently become available in digital form and at the present time there ...

In this study, we investigate the effects of mandatory social and environmental regulations (MSER) on firm innovation. 2008, Shanghai Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China published that mandate some public firms to disclose their governance information annual reports. As MSER apply only selected firms, provides an ideal setting for us observe Using a difference-in-differences with propensity-score-...

This Article addresses the question of how the tools of patent and antitrust law can best be used to foster the cumulative process that is biopharmaceutical innovation. This issue is of particular moment because we have begun in recent years to see a substantial amount of vertical and horizontal integration in the biopharmaceutical industry. The Article argues that although horizontal concentra...

Previous work has demonstrated that genetic programming can automatically create analog electrical circuits, controllers, and other devices that duplicate the functionality and, in some cases, partially or completely duplicate the exact structure of inventions that were patented between 1917 and 1962. This paper reports on a project in which we browsed patents of analog circuits issued after Ja...

Prior Art Search is a task of querying and retrieving the patents in order to uncover any knowledge existing prior to the inventor’s question or invention at hand. For addressing this task, we present a contemporary approach that has been evaluated during Trecchem for its ability to adapt to text containing chemistry-based information. The core of the framework is an index of 1.3 million chemis...

This paper discusses the diversity of mechanisms which firms can deploy to link to science and how science links are associated with their innovation performance. Using a sample of Flemish firms, we show that there exists considerable heterogeneity in the type of links to science at the firm level. Overall, firms with a science link enjoy superior innovation performance, in particular with resp...

Scientists, social scientists and politicians frequently credit basic science with stimulating technological innovation, and with it economic growth. To support this idea, researchers have shown that patents based on university research receive more citations – a measure of patent importance – than those developed outside of academia. That research and much of the rhetoric it supports implicitl...

At the heart of the patent system is a relatively simple quid pro quo transaction; in exchange for disclosing his or her invention to the public, an inventor is given the right to exclude others from using it. 1 This property right, known as a patent, can be tremendously valuable. For example, in July 2011, a consortium of companies including Apple, Microsoft, and Sony paid $4.5 billion for Nor...