A pedigree is a directed graph that displays the relationship between individuals according to their parentage. We derive a combinatorial result that shows how any pedigree-up to individuals who have no extant (present-day) ancestors-can be reconstructed from (sex-labelled) pedigrees that describe the ancestry of single extant individuals and pairs of extant individuals. Furthermore, this recon...

The relationship between pairs of individuals is an important topic in many areas of population and quantitative genetics. It is usually measured as the proportion of the genome identical by descent shared by the pair and it can be inferred from pedigree information. But there is a variance in actual relationships as a consequence of mendelian sampling, whose general formula has not been develo...

In the literature an abundance of genomic relationship matrices have been described which mainly differ in the age of the relationships that they trace. Marker based relationship matrices (G) generally trace very old relationships, since the marker mutations occurred. Pedigree (A) and linkage analysis relationship matrices (GLA) trace relationships since pedigree recording started, i.e. since t...

PURPOSE To characterize the clinical features of a Chinese pedigree with Blau syndrome and to identify mutations in the NOD2/CARD15 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2/caspase recruitment domain family, member 15) gene. METHODS Clinical features of this family were evaluated. Genomic DNA was obtained from blood samples, and all exons of NOD2/CARD15 were amplified by polyme...

The spirit of Party-building is the root Communist’s spiritual pedigree. Chinese Communists have always attached importance to condensed and inherited Party-building. great founding Party Red Boat are also expressions spirit, so it significance clarify relationship between two, discover their positioning, give play respective values continue move towards new goal. which underpins higher politic...

UNLABELLED Computing the probability of identity by descent sharing among n genes given only the pedigree of those genes is a computationally challenging problem, if n or the pedigree size is large. Here, I present a novel graphical algorithm for efficiently computing all generalized kinship coefficients for n genes. The graphical description transforms the problem from doing many recursion on ...

Genotype-expression association analysis using linear regression may produce different test results depending on whether founders only or all pedigreed members are used. This difference is not due to the correlation of samples within a pedigree, because linear mixed models have been applied to account for that correlation. We investigated the possibility that the difference is due to a dependen...

Graphs (1-skeletons) of Traveling-Salesman-related polytopes have attracted a lot of attention. Pedigree polytopes are extensions of the classical Symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem polytopes (Arthanari 2000) whose graphs contain the TSP polytope graphs as spanning subgraphs (Arthanari 2013). Unlike TSP polytopes, Pedigree polytopes are not “symmetric”, e.g., their graphs are not vertex trans...

Inherited diseases commonly emerge within pedigree dog populations, often due to use of repeatedly bred carrier sire(s) within a small gene pool. Accurate family records are usually available making linkage analysis possible. However, there are many factors that are intrinsically difficult about collecting DNA and collating pedigree information from a large canine population. The keys to a succ...