Treatment of proximal tibial defects is important to the survival of tibial prosthesis after total knee replacement. The objective of this finite element study was to determine a better understanding of the stresses produced by different treatment options for moderate uncontained type-2 defects. Methods analysed were the use of metal wedges, metal blocks, cement wedges, and cement blocks for th...

There has been a concentrated effort in modeling fluid flow in asphalt pavements, and most of the existing work has been limited to evaluation of directional permeabilities. The effects of other phenomena, such as development of flow-induced pore pressure and viscous shear stress distributions at the pore–solid interfaces, on moisture damage in an asphalt pore structure have not been fully unde...

Internal and external rotation of the femur plays an important role in defining the orientation of the patellofemoral joint, influencing contact areas, pressures, and cartilage stress distributions. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of femoral internal and external rotation on stresses in the patellofemoral cartilage. We constructed finite element models of the patellofem...

Web of plate girders in bridges are usually reinforced by welded transverse stiffeners inorder to improve their shear capacity. Due to problems associated with field welding and fatigue,welded stiffeners are not suitable for retrofitting existing bridges. Bolted stiffeners are a practicalalternative for strengthening girders that are expected to experience shear stresses in excess of theirdesig...

Ventilator-induced lung injury has been proposed as being caused by overdistention and closure and reopening of small airways and alveoli. Here we investigate the possibility that heterogeneous constriction increases airflow-related shear stress to a dangerously high level that may be sufficient to cause injury to the epithelial cells during mechanical ventilation. We employed an anatomically c...

We have investigated the structural change of an immiscible blend consisting of two polymers with equal viscosity subjected to a step electric field under shear flow. During the process, three-dimensional images were successfully acquired with a confocal scanning laser microscope, and at the same time, the transient shear stress was also measured. From the images, the interface tensor was calcu...

Bacterial biofilms, while made up of microbial-scale objects, also function as meso- and macroscale materials. In particular, macro-scale material properties determine how biofilms respond to large-scale mechanical stresses, e.g. fluid shear. Viscoelastic and other constitutive properties influence biomass structure (through growth and fluid shear stresses) by erosion and sloughing detachment. ...

Interface pressures and shear stresses at different sagittal plane angular alignment settings were measured on 3 trans-tibial amputee subjects ambulating with patellar-tendon-bearing total contact prostheses. Substantial socket-shank angular alignment modifications in the sagittal plane had minimal effect on stance phase peak interface pressures, though more substantial effects on stance phase ...