PURPOSE To determine the extent that auditory force feedback (AFF) substitution improves performance during a simulated ophthalmic peeling procedure. METHODS A 25-gauge force-sensing microforceps was linked to two AFF modes. The "alarm" AFF mode sounded when the force reached 9 mN. The "warning" AFF mode made beeps with a frequency proportional to the generated force. Participants with differ...

Post-harvest operations have been used in order to increase the efficiency of product production. In the case of walnuts, one of the important processes for improving quality is peeling the walnut’ s shell. Because of the amount of walnuts produced in Iran and the necessity to reduce the loss of products, a device for quick removal of the walnut’ s shell is needed. This study examined and compa...