1 Chemical transport through human skin can play a significant role in human exposure to toxic 2 chemicals in the workplace, as well as to chemical/biological warfare agents in the battlefield. 3 The viability of transdermal drug delivery also relies on chemical transport processes through the 4 skin. Models of percutaneous absorption are needed for risk-based exposure assessments and drug5 del...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the percutaneous absorption of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in DMF-exposed workers in the summer and winter by assessing their urinary levels of DMF metabolites. METHODS Breathing-zone concentrations of DMF and workers' urinary levels of N-methylformamide (NMF) and N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-cysteine (AMCC) were simultaneously measured in the summer and winter in 193...

BACKGROUND/AIM Quantifying percutaneous absorption of topical drugs as well as those compounds relevant to occupational exposure is important for assessing delivery, efficacy and toxicology. Methods for assessing absorption are established for intact skin; however, what may be equally relevant is how much absorption occurs through damaged skin. METHODS The Embase database was accessed online ...

PURPOSE This study was conducted to assess the effect of skin pre-treatment with Transcutol(®) and eucalyptus oil on systemic absorption of topical trolamine salicylate in rat. METHODS Pharmacokinetic parameters of salicylic acid following administration of trolamine salicylate on rat skin pre-treated with either Transcutol(®) or eucalyptus oil were determined using both non-compartmental and...

The aim of this study was to compare pentane-1,5-diol and propane-1,2-diol used as absorption enhancers for cutaneously administered terbinafine. Fresh human skin samples were placed in a continuous flow diffusion cell with a gel containing terbinafine on top of the skin. Receptor fluid samples were analysed using high - performance liquid chromatography. The quantity of gel remaining on the sk...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of progesterone resulting from the application of a progesterone cream to the skin. STUDY DESIGN Six postmenopausal women were evaluated at a university clinic over a 4-week period. RESULTS Transdermal estradiol 0.05 mg was applied 2 days before the first application of progesterone (30 mg/d) and was continued throughout...

This paper reports on an experimental study of dermal exposure to neat methanol in human volunteers for the purposes of estimating percutaneous absorption rates, permeation kinetics, baseline (pre-exposure) levels of methanol in blood, and inter- and intrasubject variability. A total of 12 volunteers (seven men and five women) were exposed to methanol via one hand for durations of 0 to 16 min i...