background osteotomy is one of the major steps in rhinoplasty. the aim of study was to compare edema and ecchymosis after external and internal lateral osteotomy in patients who underwent rhinoplasty. methods based on a prospective randomized clinical trial, 168 osteotomies were performed through an external route in a perforating fashion and internal route in a continuous fashion at right or l...

AIM This study aimed to investigate the microsurgical anatomy of perforating arteries in the hypothalamic area, which are associated with diabetes insipidus. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 20 adult cadaver heads soaked in formalin were infused with red latex through the carotid artery and vertebral artery, and supplementary perfusion was performed after 1 day. RESULTS The perforating arter...

With the advent of new surgical techniques, such as subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery, venous anatomy of the lower limb gained distinguished attention. Here, based on our surgical experience and observations on several dissections, we describe the embryology and the gross anatomy of the superficial, deep, and perforating veins. The lesser and greater saphenous veins, their named tributar...

All types of varicose veins can be treated successfully by a radical stripping operation in which the whole system of diseased veins and related perforating veins is removed (Myers, 1957; Arenander, 1960; Sherman, 1964). Simple procedures such as high ligation, with or without stripping of the main saphenous trunk, though widely practised, are much less successful, even in the early and uncompl...

A 58-year-old, gravida 6, obese woman presented with a pruritic yellowish plaque around the umbilicus, which first appeared about 3 years ago. She also had flat yellow papules on the axilla and neck. After a burn from a heating device, a few perforating papules and a violaceous hue occurred on the plaque. Histological examination revealed pathological elastic fibers with a keratotic plug and pe...

Background: Pigmented purpuric dermatosis is a chronic skin disorder of unknown aetiology characterised by symmetrical petechial and pigmented macules, often confined to the lower limbs. The aetiology of pigmented purpuric dermatosis is unknown. Dermatoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that allows the visualisation of morphological features invisible to the naked eye; it combines a m...