This paper studies the optimal pricing problem for firms using two types of restrictions. Linear programming techniques will be used to derive the optimal pricing policies under three different scenarios, namely the nested restrictions, mutually exclusive restrictions and the general case. For the first two scenarios, there exists an optimal pricing policy consisting of at most four price level...

It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the integrated cost minimizing strategy with supplier’s trade credits offer under fuzzy environment. Supplier permits the retailer a certain fixed period to settle the amount owed to him for the items supplied. Expressions for average integrated inventory cost in fuzzy sense are derived Signed Distance Method is used to defuzzified total fuzzy cost...

We study a supply chain network equilibrium model for perishable products under the theory of discrete choice models, which comprises multiple perishable product manufacturers, distributors and retailers. Our goal is to present equilibrium outputs for different firms in this supply chain network model for perishable products based on retailers’ utility maximization. The network model is built u...

Trade credit is generally used by businesses to obtain external funds. This article demonstrates an inventory system from the retailer’s point of view in which (1) influence trade on expanding small and their consumers focus this research, (2) on-hand follows non-instantaneous deterioration. (3) To maximize profit, demand disclosed, based not just sales price, but also cumulative demand, indica...

In many industrial settings, managers face the problem of establishing a pricing policy that maximizes the revenue from selling a given inventory of items by a fixed deadline, with the full inventory of items being available for sale from the beginning of the selling period. The items unsold by the deadline have a constant salvage value, which we assume to be zero for simplicity. Pricing must b...

A significant issue of the supply chain problem is how to integrate different entities. Managing supply chain is a difficult task because of complex integrations, especially when the products are perishable in nature. Little attention has been paid on ordering specific perishable products jointly in uncertain environment with multiple sources and multiple destinations. In this article, we propo...

The Internet of Things aims to connect networked information systems and real-world business processes. Technologies, such as barcodes, radio transponders (RFID) and wireless sensor networks, which are directly attached to physical items and assets transform objects into Smart Items. These Smart Items deliver the data to realize the accurate real-time representation of ’things’ within the infor...

this paper aims to investigate the integrated production/distribution and inventory planning for perishable products with fixed life time in the constant condition of storage throughout a two-echelon supply chain by integrating producers and distributors. this problem arises from real environment in which multi-plant with multi-function lines produce multi-perishable products with fixed life ti...

The demand pattern for most perishable products varies during their life cycle in the market. These variations must be properly reflected in inventory management in order to prevent unnecessary stock-out or excess inventory with associated increase in cost. In this paper, a multi-period economic order quantity (EOQ) model for managing the inventory of perishable items having varying demand patt...