Recent studies have emphasized the role of perivascular inflammation in cardiovascular disease. We studied mechanisms of perivascular leukocyte infiltration in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and their links to vascular dysfunction. Chronic Ang II infusion in mice increased immune cell content of T cells (255 ± 130 to 1664 ± 349 cells/mg; P < 0.01), M1 and M2 macrophages, and dendr...

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a rare type of mesenchymal neoplasms characterized by a proliferation of perivascular cells with an epithelioid phenotype and expression of myo-melanocytic markers. The majority of PEComas seem to be benign and usually their prognosis is good. Malignant cases are extremely rare, exhibiting a malignant course with local recurrences and distant m...

BACKGROUND Perivascular spaces (PVSs) or Virchow-Robin spaces in the brain are pial-lined interstitial fluid (ISF)-filled structures surrounding the penetrating arteries and arterioles. These spaces appear as 1- to 2-mm in diameter, round, oval, or curvilinear smooth-walled structures on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Typical PVSs are asymptomatic. Occasionally, they become enlarged and caus...

Rats were irradiated with helium ions (4 GeV/nucleon; 2 or 4 Gy). After 4-9 hours or three days, a perfusion was performed and sections of the cerebral cortex were investigated under light and electron microscopes. Changes observed in the vessels of the telencephalic cortex are described. Most of the vessels in the sections analysed showed no signs of damage. In some cases there was a dilated p...

Environmental stimulation during brain development is an important risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative disease. Clinical evidence indicates that prenatal exposure to particulate air pollutants leads to diffuse damage to the neurovascular unit in the developing brain and accelerates neurodegeneration. Maternal exposure to carbon black nanoparticles (CB-NPs), used as a model for ...

Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a type of tumor in the perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa) family. Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML), having malignant potential, is considered a rare variant of angiomyolipoma. The most common site of EAMLs is kidney, and extra-renal EAMLs are very uncommon, with liver being the most common site.1 Other locations including retroperitoneum, uterus, liver, lun...

Recent studies suggest that interindividual genetic differences in glial-dependent CSF flow through the brain parenchyma, known as glymphatic flow, may trigger compensatory changes human sleep physiology. In animal models, perivascular spaces are a critical conduit for flow. We tested hypothesis MRI-visible PVS volumes, putative marker of dysfunction, associated with real-world behavior. analyz...

An 80-year-old hypertensive woman developed right hemiplegia and died 24 hours after admission. Neuropathologic examination revealed multiple cerebral infarcts of various ages and diffuse subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. Clusters of asymptomatic "expanding" lacunes, due to dilatation of the perivascular spaces, were found in both dentate nuclei. These cavities, which presented as sp...

AIM To present new morphological observations of intraepithelial capillaries in pterygium and to provide some explanations for this phenomenon. METHODS The ultrastructural features of pterygia from 26 patients were examined. Surgically excised tissue was processed for conventional light and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Individual capillaries within the epithelium of the anterio...