We have previously shown that leaky junctions associated with dying or dividing cells are the dominant pathway for low density lipoprotein (LDL) transport under convective conditions, accounting for more than 90% of the transport [Cancel LM, Fitting A, Tarbell JM. In vitro study of LDL transport under pressurized (convective) conditions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007;293:H126-32]. To exp...

The comparative in vitro skin permeability of diclofenac sodium through excised mouse skin from different common pharmaceutical vehicles like castor oil, olive oil, arachis oil, liquid paraffin, white soft paraffin melt, 3% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) aqueous gel and isopropyl myristate (IPM), excluding other excipients was evaluated. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher flux of diclofenac ...

Cortisol had dose-dependent effects on the electrophysiological, permeability, and ion-transporting properties of cultured pavement cell epithelia derived from freshwater rainbow trout gills and grown on cell culture filter supports. Under both symmetrical (L15 media apical/L15 media basolateral) and asymmetrical (freshwater apical/L15 media basolateral) culture conditions, cortisol treatment e...

Tight junction plays an important role in mediating paracellular permeability in epithelia. We previously found that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increased saliva secretion by modulating paracellular permeability in submandibular glands. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying AMPK-modulated paracellular permeability are unknown. In this study, we found that AICAR, an ...

In this study, polymer composite membranes comprising carbon nanotube (CNT), polysulfone (PSF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were synthesized via the phase inversion method and used to remove phenol from the phenol-containing wastewater. The fabricated membranes were reinforced with the functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) and coated with PVA to enhance their mechanical strength and anti-fouli...

We identify a new category of natural hydrothermal sys tems i n t ermed i at e between liquidand vapor-dominated. This category is characterized by a "vapliq" vertical pressure profile, which is nearly vaporstatic in the shallower portion of the system, and nearly boiling-point-for-depth at depth. The prototype of these systems is the geothermal field of Los Azufres, Mexico. To explore the ther...

A one-dimensional, physically based numerical model was constructed to describe the isotopic enrichment observed in throughfall of snow intercepted on evergreens. The process of enrichment is similar to that which results in formation of depth hoar in snowpack. On-site data were obtained at a high-altitude (3500 m) watershed in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. The model includes the ambient atmosp...

[1] Mud volcanoes sometimes respond to earthquakes, but the mechanisms by which earthquakes trigger changes in ongoing eruptions or initiate new eruptions are not completely understood. We measured gas discharge at a field of mud volcanoes near the Salton Sea, southern California, before and after the 4 April 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake and observed an increase in gas flux immediately foll...

The mechanisms that terminate Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum are not fully understood. D4cpv-Casq1 (Sztretye et al. 2011. J. Gen. Physiol. doi:10.1085/jgp.201010591) was used in mouse skeletal muscle cells under voltage clamp to measure free Ca(2+) concentration inside the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), [Ca(2+)](SR), simultaneously with that in the cytosol, [Ca(2+)](c), during the...

A number of recent observations have indicated a role for abscisic acid in maintaining water balance. Treatment with ABA reduces the transpiration rate (3, 5), probably by bringing about stomatal closure (2, 4). Furthermore, water stress leads to a significant increase in ABA concentration in leaves (5, 7). On the other hand, ABA increases the rate of root exudation (6). The present communicati...