biomedical ethics is a branch of professional or practical ethics that examine the moral aspects of profession of medicine. every professional ethics due its issues and problems determine an especial theory and principles. in this article after referring to the three branches of ethics and describing important schools of ethical theory we have explained the six main approaches to biomedical eth...

Previous work for encoding Optimality Theory grammars as finite-state transducers has included two prominent approaches: the socalled ‘counting’ method where constraint violations are counted and filtered out to some set limit of approximability in a finite-state system, and the ‘matching’ method, where constraint violations in alternative strings are matched through violation alignment in orde...

We address the development of a practical theory of semiotics within the context of the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology effort. The theory has the form of a set of predicates and other terms that are axiomatized in first order logic. We argue that this theory is su fficient for representing many of the subtleties of semantic representation that are likely to arise in the cont ext of interoperabili...

various lists of news values in communication have been offered since 1960. this article, next to a comparative and analytical explanation of those lists in the recent five decades, presents the authors, own selected list which embodies all the previous ones. then it is shown that the news values issue in both the practical domain of communication i.e the media, and its scientific domain, are b...