Alternative performance measures (APMs) may increase uncertainty and perceived risks concerning the audit, rouse auditor’s professional skepticism (PS), for example in case APMs official reporting diverge (e.g. one shows a profit other loss). In this paper, using survey of Finnish certified public auditors (N = 220), we study how perceive relationships between audit work, PS, APMs. When examini...

This study aims to understand the role of leadership styles Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and German Chancellor Angela Merkel in European Union-Turkey relations by conducting a Leadership Trait Analysis (LTA), which takes into account leaders’ personalities foreign policy. The article makes use verbal records two leaders regarding bilateral between their countries Union. results unveil...

In most experiments only motives like dispositions are measured (trait measurement) although the classic psychology of motivation (Atkinson, 1957; Heckhausen, 1989) assumes behavior as being the result of interaction between situational and personal factors. Rheinberg et al. (2001) developed a four factor questionnaire (FAM) to record the result of this interaction as a state of current learnin...

Eleven goat breeds of different origin (10 Spanish and 1 African) were considered for this study: Zambian Dwarf, Azpi-Gorri, Blanca-Andaluza, Blanca-Celtibérica, Blanca de Rasquera, Catalana, Malagueña, Moncaína, Murciano-Granadina, Negra Serrana and Pyrenean. Nine linear body measurements for females, as well as the body weight ratio between gender and body weight, were obtained from literatur...

Genetic susceptibility tests are already advertised on the Internet to identify individuals at above average risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as deep vein thrombosis, hyperlipidemia, or atherosclerosis, whereas other tests claim to predict response to a particular drug treatment. Some kits are available to the public directly, bypassing a doctor. Their value, however, must be conside...

Episodic memory refers to the recollection of personal experiences that contain information on what has happened and also where and when these events took place. Episodic memory function is extremely sensitive to cerebral aging and neurodegerative diseases. We examined episodic memory performance with a novel test in young (N = 17, age: 21-45), middle-aged (N = 16, age: 48-62) and aged but othe...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate medical and surgical residents' anger levels with regard to the department in which they worked, seniority, sex, satisfaction with their work environment, and the number of nightshifts worked per month. The specific situations and persons at whom residents reacted with anger were also investigated. METHODS 116 randomly selected residents staffed in a university hospital ...

The Multifactor Trait IAT (MFT–IAT) is designed for implicit assessment of traits that are currently assessed in explicit (self-report) form by multi-item personality inventories. The most widely used such inventories include one known popularly as the “Big Five” and the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The problem in developing Implicit Association Test (IAT) measures of these traits is tha...