introduction: due to increasing air pollution, one of the ways to reduce pollution is to develop the green space, the urban parks, domestic gardens and streets marginal, including the ash trees, which play a vital role in supporting urban by its beauty and reducing air pollution. one of the convenient options to overshadow ash trees in their gardens. the jumping plant-louse, psyllopsis discrepa...

One of the main goals of the pest control is to maintain the density of the pest population in the equilibrium level below economic damages. For reaching this goal, the optimal pest control problem was divided in two parts. In the first part, the two optimal control functions were considered. These functions move the ecosystem pest – natural enemy at an equilibrium state below the economic inju...

Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) is an economically important and highly polyphagous worldwide pest. To establish a temperature-dependent phenology model, essential for understanding the development and growth of the pest population under a variety of climates and as part of a pest risk analysis, L. huidobrensis life-table data were collected under laboratory conditions at seven constant temp...

Abstract. The paradox of pesticides was observed experimentally, which says that pesticides may dramatically increase the population of a pest when the pest has a natural predator. Here we use a mathematical model to study the paradox. We find that the timing for the application of pesticides is crucial for the resurgence or non-resurgence of the pests. In particular, regularly applying pestici...

The pest catastrophe prediction in ecology catastrophe is one of important part in expert system of intelligence agriculture for prevent and control pest catastrophe occurrence efficiently. The paper introduces the basic principles and methods of current catastrophe prediction in ecology. By modeling for the dynamic process of population, up-grown and amount of spawn, the paper finds out the tr...

The brown moth Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1872) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is an important pest in Brazilian eucalyptus plantations. A gynandromorph individual of T. arnobia was found in a population of this pest in a laboratory rearing and it is described.

In order to improve the level of adoption of integrated pest management (IPM), it is important to understand the benefits of integrating IPM practices. Integrated systems are less prone to failure and, when they incorporate natural enemies, they are also more resilient than systems that rely on a single method of pest suppression. The impact of changing IPM practices on the pest population dyna...

Decision making is a key aspect of current integrated pest management (IPM) programs and will continue to play an important role as IPM programs mature (71, 106). In an IPM context, decision making relies on protocols for deciding on the need for some management action based on an assessment of the state of a pest population (and ideally its natural enemies). These protocols, which we refer to ...

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a fruit pest of Asian origin that invaded North America in 2008. Despite the widespread economic impact of this species, much of the biology and general life history of this pest remains largely unknown. Under optimal laboratory conditions (22 degrees C, approximately 25% relative humidity), we measured development, survival, fecundity,...