the objective of this experiment was to investigate inheritance and gene action for resistance to sunn pest (eurygaster integriceps) and related traits in bread wheat including f1, f2 and backcross generations derived from a cross between line 15 as resistance and line 12 as susceptible parents. parents along with f1, f2, bc1 and bc2 generations were evaluated in a randomized complete block des...

Recently, there have been rapid developments in understanding the costs of disease and pest resistance in model plants and their ecological relevance in wild plants. In crop plants, however, much (although not all) of our current understanding of costs of resistance must be inferred from research on model species. To determine the true costs of resistance in crops and the likely benefit of resi...

Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins for insect pest control have been successful, but their efficacy is reduced when pests evolve resistance. Here we review the definition of field-evolved resistance, the relationship between resistance and field control problems, the theory underlying strategies for delaying resistance, and resistance monitoring methods. We also analy...

Pesticides including insecticides and miticides are primarily used to regulate arthropod (insect and mite) pest populations in agricultural and horticultural crop production systems. However, continual reliance on pesticides may eventually result in a number of potential ecological problems including resistance, secondary pest outbreaks, and/or target pest resurgence [1,2]. Therefore, implement...

W hich urban pest is the most difficult to control? Most PMPs say ants. But the answer to this question has shifted completely over the past 20 years — from cockroaches to ants. Today, few people consider the German cockroach a difficult pest to manage. What made the change is the invention of highly effective baits, in particular, gel baits. Then, the question is, why is the German cockroach s...

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is among the most serious insect pests of maize in North America. One strategy used to manage this pest is transgenic maize that produces one or more crystalline (Cry) toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). To delay Bt resistance by insect pests, refuges of non-Bt maize are grown in conjunction with Bt ma...

The increased urbanization of a growing global population makes imperative the development of sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for urban pest control. This emphasizes pests that are closely associated with the health and wellbeing of humans and domesticated animals. Concurrently there are regulatory requirements enforced to minimize inadvertent exposures to insecticides i...

Western corn rootworm (WCR) is a major maize (Zea mays L.) pest leading to annual economic losses of more than 1 billion dollars in the United States. Transgenic maize expressing insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used for the management of WCR. However, cultivation of Bt-expressing maize places intense selection pressure on pest populations to...

The second-generation anticoagulants, difenacoum, bromadiolone and brodifacoum, have taken over a considerable part of the rodenticidal market during the last six to eight years. This is partly due to the higher efficiency against a larger spectrum of rodent pest species and partly to the increasing problem of physiological resistance to the older anticoagulants. Resistance of practical importa...