Pestivirus infection of cattle is widespread and common in both Australia and New Zealand. The majority of adult animals, of the order of 60%, carry antibody. Associated disease is almost entirely that resulting from infection in utero. This includes death of the conceptus, at any stage from conception through pregnancy, or, in those which are born as persistently infected carriers, mucosal dis...

In 2010, a HoBi-like pestivirus was isolated from clinically affected calves in Italy. This European virus reproduced a milder form of disease under experimental conditions and was genetically related to previously reported HoBi-like strains. Isolation of this novel virus from a clinical outbreak may have implications for cattle health and prophylactic programs.

Bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) are members of the Pestivirus genus within the family Flaviviridae. Based on antigenic and nucleotide differences, BVDV are classified into two recognized species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2. More recently, a new putative pestivirus species, tentatively called "HoBi-like", has been associated with bovine viral diarrhea. HoBi-like viruses were first identified in feta...

A molecular and serological survey of selected viruses in free-ranging wild ruminants was conducted in 13 different districts in Iran. Samples were collected from 64 small wild ruminants belonging to four different species including 25 Mouflon (Ovis orientalis), 22 wild goat (Capra aegagrus), nine Indian gazelle (Gazella bennettii) and eight Goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) during the na...

Members of the Flaviviridae encode a serine proteinase termed NS3 that is responsible for processing at several sites in the viral polyproteins. In this report, we show that the NS3 proteinase of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (NADL strain) is required for processing at nonstructural (NS) protein sites 3/4A, 4A/4B, 4B/5A, and 5A/5B but not for cleavage at the junction between...

Infections with pestiviruses occur in cattle, sheep, pigs and also in numerous other ungulate species. In the present study, pestiviruses from goat, buffalo, deer and giraffe were analysed at the molecular level; unusual strains from cattle and pigs were also included. A phylogenetic analysis of the respective pestiviruses was undertaken on the basis of a fragment from the 5' noncoding region a...

Border Disease (BD) is a condition of newborn sheep that results from congenital infection by a non-cytopathic pestivirus, occurring during the first half of gestation. The variations in expression of the virus directly relate to the age of the fetus at the time of infection. There are four distinct disease syndromes: (1) early embryonic death, (2) abortion and stillbirth, (3) birth of lambs wi...

Following several clinical cases of suspected bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) on three Namibian cattle farms, a serological survey was conducted on bovine, ovine, caprine and wild ruminant sera originating from different regions of the country. Neutralizing antibodies to BVD virus (BVDV) were detected in 58% of 1,014 cattle sera, 14% of 618 sheep sera and 4.6% of 1,118 goat sera. Sera from seven o...

BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that affects cattle production worldwide and that can infect other ungulates such as cervids and even wild boar (Sus scrofa). It is believed that domestic livestock can become infected through contact with wild animals, though it is known that infection can spread among wild animals in the absence of contact with livestock. Little is...