Pharmaceutical companies have been forced to change their approach to selling over-the-counter (OTC) medicines because of the increased pressure on sales margins. The development of Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and social media technologies allow low-cost online marketing, including e-commerce. An organisational adaptation has to cope with the changes in the OTC drug market is required because of the wide...

BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical marketing is undergoing a major shift in the United States, in part due to new transparency regulations under the healthcare reform act. Changes in pharmaceutical marketing practices include a possible shift from more traditional forms of direct-to-consumer advertising towards emerging use of Internet-based DTCA ("eDTCA") given the growing importance of digital health ...

For nearly 25 years, Iranian Pharmaceutical market has been a closed and centrally controlled one. Although some initiatives have been introduced during the last decade, yet the system is characterized as a closed one and lacks real competition. The current situation of drug in Iran may be characterized as: Intense price control by the Drug Authority i.e. Ministry of Health Ban of d...

This paper examines the impact and interrelationships between direct-to-consumer (DTC) and physician-oriented marketing on the sales composition of the prescription (Rx) and over-the-counter (OTC) versions of antiulcer and heartburn medications. To understand better the implications for competition of the 1997 Food and Drug Administration’s policies regarding DTC marketing, as well as recent Rx...

BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical companies are prohibited from marketing medications for off-label uses in both the United States and Canada. In the United States, there have been several recent multi-billion dollar settlements with pharmaceutical companies based, partly, on off-label promotion. Health Canada has not publicized any investigations into, or prosecutions of, pharmaceutical companies for ...

Aside from R&D, sales and marketing have long been the drivers of commercial success of the pharmaceutical enterprise. Marketing efforts have historically focused primarily on physicians and patients, the underlying engines of demand. However, as the number of expensive therapeutics entering the market grows and the need to contain costs intensifies, a new set of stakeholders—loosely defined as...

This article suggests that nurse prescribers require an awareness of key concepts in ethics, such as deontology and utilitarianism to reflect on current debates and contribute to them. The principles of biomedical ethics have also been influential in the development of professional codes of conduct. Attention is drawn to the importance of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry's...

Tobacco companies have begun to acquire pharmaceutical subsidiaries and recently started to market nicotine replacement therapies, such as Zonnic nicotine gum, in convenience stores. Conversely, tobacco companies are producing tobacco products such as tobacco chewing gum and lozenges that resemble pharmaceutical nicotine replacement products, including a nicotine pouch product that resembles sn...

We describe the emerging issues related to warnings with respect to pharmaceutical company use of the internet as a vehicle for direct-to-consumer marketing (DTC) and market research. We describe the various techniques pharmaceutical companies have used to exploit this new communications medium which permits two way exchange of information. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not issued ...