Epigenetic regulation plays important biological roles in plants, including timing of flowering and endosperm development. Little is known about the mechanisms controlling heterochrony (the change in the timing or rate of developmental events during ontogeny) in Eucalyptus globulus. DNA methylation has been proposed as a potential heterochrony regulatory mechanism in model species, but its role...

| In this paper, recent progress of phase change memory (PCM) is reviewed. The electrical and thermal properties of phase change materials are surveyed with a focus on the scalability of the materials and their impact on device design. Innovations in the device structure, memory cell selector, and strategies for achieving multibit operation and 3-D, multilayer high-density memory arrays are des...

A novel two-wavelength interferometer is demonstrated that uses a tunable two-color laser-diode array as the light source. The synthetic wavelength can be easily tuned from 2 to 0.043 mm by variation of the spectral separation between the two wavelengths of the laser output. By using the second-order correlation technique we can directly retrieve the phase change at the synthetic wavelength wit...

This compendium summarizes the fusion enthalpies of approximately 1000 new measurements. A group additivity method developed to estimate the total phase change entropies and enthalpies of organic solids is updated, applied to the new data and the results are compared. The uncertainties associated ccepted 14 May 2009 vailable online 23 May 2009

The experimental analysis of the electrical behavior of Phase Change Memory arrays evidenced a seasoning effect both on SET and RESET state. The previous modeling efforts on this issue were addressed only towards RESET operation. This work presents a SET seasoning model implemented within a numerical simulator starting from the extraction of the characteristic erase operation kinetic parameters...

Phase change memory (PCM), which exploits the phase change behavior of chalcogenide materials, affords tremendous advantages over conventional solid-state memory due to its nonvolatility, high speed, and scalability. However, high power consumption of PCM poses a critical challenge and has been the most significant obstacle to its widespread commercialization. Here, we present a novel approach ...

For semimetals such as bismuth, ultrafast femtosecond laser-excited coherent phonons at laser fluences below the damage threshold have been studied extensively. In this work, we investigate whether or not coherent phonon oscillations contribute to material's permanent damage, or can enhance or suppress such damage. We employed temporally-shaped femtosecond pulses to either enhance or cancel coh...

The effects of anomalous dispersion (resonance) on multiple reflection of x rays and their interference in crystals at atomic absorption edges are studied. Intensity ratios of two inversion-symmetry-related multiple diffractions at or near absorption edges exhibit highly phase-sensitive profiles with strong asymmetric characteristics, unlike those far from the edges. A new resonance perturbatio...