HT042 is a new herbal prescription consisting of Astragalus membranaceus, Phlomis umbrosa and Eleutherococcus senticosus, which are used in Korean medicine to stimulate growth in children. We investigated the effects of HT042 on the body weight, longitudinal bone growth, and bone length in spontaneous dwarf rats (SDR). Male and female SDRs were divided into three groups: the control group (DW, ...

Codonopsis lanceolata (C. lanceolata) is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. We evaluated whether steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFC) extract improves amyloid-β- (Aβ-) induced learning and memory impairment in mice. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate the eff...

BACKGROUND Onchocerciasis is one of the tropical neglected diseases (NTDs) caused by the nematode Onchocerca volvulus. Control strategies currently in use rely on mass administration of ivermectin, which has marked activity against microfilariae. Furthermore, the development of resistance to ivermectin was observed. Since vaccine and safe macrofilaricidal treatment against onchocerciasis are st...

Two new phenylethanoid glycosides integrifoliosides A (2) and B (3), along with a known phenylethanoid glycoside alyssonoside (1) and a flavone glucoside chrysoeriol-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Phlomis integrifolia. The structures of the new compounds were identified as 3,4-dihydroxy-beta-phenylethoxy-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 --> 4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyran...

Three new chalcones, 3,2'-dihydroxy-4,3'-dimethoxychalcone-4'-glucoside (1), 4'-O-(2'''-O-caffeoyl)2',3',3,4-tetrahydroxychalcone (2), and 2',4',3-trihydroxy-3',4-dimethoxychalcone (3), along with five known phenolics, were isolated from Coreopsis lanceolata flowers. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including NMR and MS. The three new chalco...

Two new lignans, including the aryltetralin-type lignan, lanceoline (1), and the diaryl butyrolactone-type lignan, 5-methoxytrachelogenin (2), together with 5-methoxywikstromol (3), were isolated from the low-polar layer of a heartwood extract of Cunninghamia lanceolata as their acetylated derivatives 1a, 2a and 3a, respectively, and were identified by spectroscopic analyses. The (13)C-NMR data...

Parasitoids locate inconspicuous hosts in a heterogeneous habitat using plant volatiles, some of which are induced by the hosts. Hyposoter horticola Gravenhost (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is a parasitoid of the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Melitaea cinxia lays eggs in clusters on leaves of Plantago lanceolata L. (Lamiales: Plantaginaceae) and Ve...