Background: Hypertension is a crucial risk factor for development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Flavonoids exhibit a wide range of biological effects and have had increased interest as a dietary approach for the prevention or possible treatment of hypertension. However, continuous efforts have been made to structurally modify natural flavonoids with the hope of improving their bi...

Glucose ingestion stimulates the secretion of the incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Despite the critical role of incretins in glucose homeostasis, the mechanism of glucose-induced incretin secretion has not been established. We investigated the underlying mechanism of glucose-induced incretin secretion in vivo in mice. Injecti...

Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (boneseed), a weed of national significance in Australia, threatens indigenous species and crop production through allelopathy. We aimed to identify phenolic compounds produced by boneseed and to assess their phytotoxicity on native species. Phenolic compounds in water and methanol extracts, and in decomposed litter-mediated soil leachate were ident...

Tight junctions serve as the rate-limiting barrier to passive movement of hydrophilic solutes across intestinal epithelia. After activation of Na+-glucose cotransport, the permeability of intestinal tight junctions is increased. Because previous analyses of this physiological tight junction regulation have been restricted to intact mucosae, dissection of the mechanisms underlying this process h...

Ondansetron, a selective serotonin-type 3 (5-HT(3)) receptor antagonist, was used to test the hypothesis that duodenal infusion of isosmotic solutions of Polycose or its hydrolytic product glucose suppressed intake through 5-HT(3) receptors. Polycose suppressed sucrose intake across both concentrations infused (132 mM, 7.6 +/- 0.6 ml; 263 mM, 2.3 +/- 0.5 ml), compared with intake under control ...

The transport of some sugars at the antiluminal face of renal cells was studied using teased tubules of flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). The analytical procedure allowed the determination of both free and total (free plus phosphorylated) tissue sugars. The inulin space of the preparation was 0.333 +/- 0.017 kg/kg wet wt (7 animals, 33 analyses). The nonmetabolizable alpha-methyl-D-gluc...

OHNEDA, A., YAMAGATA, S., TSUTSUMI, K. and FuJIWARA, H. Distribution of Maltose Intravenously Administered to Rabbits and Its Metabolism in the Kidney. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1974, 112 (2), 141-154 When 14C-U-maltose was injected intravenously to normal rabbits, 14C-maltose rapidly disappeared from the blood stream and circulating 14C-glucose rose gradually. In urine, 24% of total radioactivity w...

Savastano, David M., Melissa Carelle, and Mihai Covasa. Serotonin-type 3 receptors mediate intestinal Polycoseand glucoseinduced suppression of intake. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: R1499–R1508, 2005. First published February 17, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00745.2004.—Ondansetron, a selective serotonin-type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, was used to test the hypothesis that duodena...

Enzymes are commonly defined as biological catalysts, regulating particular biochemical reactions. α-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) is one of the industrially important enzymes, which extensively used in starch hydrolyzing processes, such brewing, fermentation, detergent production, food processing, etc. This enzyme breaks down α-1,4 glycosidic bonds amylose or amylopectin. The end products from maltotri...