A simple, reproducible and rapid gas chromatographic method for precise determination of valproic acid (VPA) in human plasma has been developed. Total time for sample preparation and GC analysis is less than 45 min. After plasma protein precipitation, VPA was extracted into chloroform with suitable recovery. By using Stabilwax®<span styl...

Abstract The transformation of cold neutral intergalactic hydrogen into a highly ionized warm plasma marks the end cosmic dark ages and beginning age galaxies. details this process reflect nature early sources radiation heat, statistical characteristics large-scale structure Universe, thermodynamics chemistry baryons, histories star formation black hole accretion. A number massive data sets fro...

We report on the results of the ASCA and ROSAT observations on RX J0059.2−7138, a transient X-ray pulsar in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The barycentric pulse period has been precisely determined to be 2.763221± 0.000004 s. The pulse shape is almost identical in all of the energy bands. The pulse fraction increases with the photon energy below ∼ 2 keV, while it is nearly constant at ∼ 37% above ...

We propose an ambitious new method that models the intracluster medium in clusters of galaxies as a set of X-ray emitting smoothed particles of plasma. Each smoothed particle is described by a handful of parameters including temperature, location, size, and elemental abundances. Hundreds to thousands of these particles are used to construct a model cluster of galaxies, with the appropriate comp...

We propose an ambitious new method that models the intracluster medium in clusters of galaxies as a set of X-ray emitting smoothed particles of plasma. Each smoothed particle is described by a handful of parameters including temperature, location, size, and elemental abundances. Hundreds to thousands of these particles are used to construct a model cluster of galaxies, with the appropriate comp...

UV/VUV photon fluxes in plasma materials processing have a variety of effects ranging from producing damage to stimulating synergistic reactions. Although in plasma etching processes, the rate and quality of the feature are typically controlled by the characteristics of the ion flux, to truly optimize these ion and photon driven processes, it is desirable to control the relative fluxes of ions ...

The information rates achievable by using electromagnetic radiation affected by thermal noise and signal decoherence are studied. The standard coherent Gaussian model is compared with an alternative photon gas model which represents lack of a shared phase reference between transmitter and receiver. At any frequency, information rates over the photon gas model essentially coincide with those ove...