While the cellular sources for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are known to be widely distributed among several cell types, interleukin-3 (IL-3) gene expression has been demonstrated in only certain T-cell clones and in blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA). To determine which blood cells were responsible f...

We investigated the initiation of synthesis of proteins in human lymphocytes exposed to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 6 h. Radiolabeled proteins in three subcellular fractions, cytoplasmic, nuclear salt wash, and nuclear, were separated on polyacrylamide gels. Compared with cells incubated for the same time in the absence of PHA only two cytoplasmic proteins of Mr 51 and 60 kd showed...

The growth of human eosinophil progenitors (CFU-Eo) and the modulation of growth by hydrocortisone were studied as functions of the presence of lymphocytes and monocytes in marrow cells under study; and the source of colony-stimulating factors, specifically, media conditioned by macrophage-like cell line, GCT; phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells (PHA-LCM); or the T cell line, MO. CF...

Interferon (INF) activity was evaluated in the supernatants from peripheral white blood cells (WBC) of chickens from six lines. The WBC were cultured in flasks or 24-well plates with medium or medium and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). After 2 to 5 d, duplicate supernatant samples were tested for INF activity, i.e., the log2 titer inhibiting 50% destruction of the cytopathic effect of vesicular stoma...

The ability of a variety of affinity adsorbents to isolate erythropoietin (Ep) from contaminating proteins in crude preparetions of the hormone was examined. Of 3 lectin-agarose derivatives, 6 bound Ep but only 2, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), bound the hormone quantitatively. The extent to which PHA bound Ep depended on the isolectin composition of the PHA. The leuk...

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), the major seed lectin of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), is found largely in the cotyledons, but is also present in the embryonic axis. At mid-maturation, the percentage of total protein synthesis which is directed towards making PHA is 5 to 10 times greater in the cotyledons than in the axes. This lower rate of synthesis in the axes is correlated with a lower ab...

Activation-induced cell death is a natural process that prevents tissue damages from over-activated immune cells. TNF-Related apoptosis ligand (TRAIL), a TNF family member, induces apoptosis of infected and tumor cells by binding to one of its two death receptors, DR4 or DR5. TRAIL was reported to be secreted by phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated CD4(+) T cells in microvesicles.We investigate ...

The isoxazole derivatives are interesting objects for synthesis in the search for various sorts of biological activity. Looking for more active immunomodulators we synthesized a series of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid semicarbazides and thiosemicarbazides in the reaction of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide with isocyanates and isothiocyanates. The biological e...

We have confirmed that phytohemagglutinin (PHA) rapidly enhances the uptake of potassium (K+) by human blood lymphocytes. PHA, however, did not produce an increase in lymphocyte K+ concentration. The apparent steady-state of cell K+ concentration despite the marked increase in uptake of 42K+ could be explained by either an increase in K+-K+ exchange or an increase in concentrative (active) K+ a...