Recent (<5 Ma) Hawaiian volcanoes define two sub-parallel spatial trends, Loa and Kea. Despite the short distance ( 30 km) between adjacent volcanoes on these trends, most of the Loa-trend shield lavas are geochemically distinct from most of the Kea-trend shield lavas. These geochemical differences arise from small amounts of the LOA component in the source of Loa-trend shield lavas. This compo...

Archean greenstone belts contain low grade metamorphic volcanic sequences with localised examples of preserved original textures and relict magmatic minerals, which are invaluable for inferring processes by extension magma genesis. A feature observed in many but rare modern rocks is variolitic texture millimetre- to centimetre-sized leucocratic globular structures (varioles), mafic lavas. Model...

[1] The geochemical differences between individual Hawaiian shields provide clues to the magma source components in the Hawaiian plume. Lavas from Koolau (Makapuu-stage) and Kahoolawe volcanoes define the enriched, i.e., relatively high Sr/Sr and low Nd/Nd, extreme for Hawaiian shield lavas. There are, however, important geochemical differences between these shields; Kahoolawe lavas lack the re...

Isotopic heterogeneity in Hawaiian shield lavas reflects the presence of two distinct recycled components in the Hawaiian plume, both from the same packet of recycled oceanic lithosphere. Radiogenic Os-isotopes and anomalously heavy oxygen-isotopes in Koolau lavas reflect melt generation from recycled oceanic crust plus pelagic sediment. In contrast, Kea lavas have unradiogenic Os-isotopes but ...

Precise Fe/Mn ratios and MnO contents have been determined for basalts from the Hawaiian shields of Ko’olau and Kilauea by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It is well known that the youngest Ko’olau (Makapu’u-stage) shield lavas define a geochemical endmember for Hawaiian lavas in terms of CaO and SiO2 contents and isotopic ratios of O, Sr, Nd, Hf, Pb, and Os. We find that their Mn...

12 Observations in the USA, Iceland, and Tenerife, Canary Islands, reveal how processes occurring 13 during basaltic eruptions can result in complex physical and stratigraphic relationships between lava 14 and proximal tephra fall deposits around vents. Observations illustrate how basaltic lavas can 15 disrupt, dissect (spatially and temporally) and alter sheet-form fall deposits. Complexity ar...

The Kahnuj ophiolitic complex, a part of the Jazmurian ophiolitic belt, is located on the western boundary of the Jazmurian depression and is bounded by two major fault systems. There is a well-preserved, ophiolite pseudostratigraphy of early Cretaceous to early Palaeocene age and has a bearing on the Mesozoic development of southeastern part of Iran and adjacent region. The Kahnuj ophiolitic c...

Study reported a pillow with a uniform height was not suitable for sleeping in supine and lateral positions. The study aims to determine the pillow dimensions for fitting supine and lateral positions for Taiwanese. Ten females and ten males subjects with a mean age of 21.9 years (SD= 1.07 years) participated in the study. Body dimensions of head, neck and shoulder in crown and sagittal planes w...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of different pillow heights on the slope of the cervicothoracic spine segments. METHODS A prospective analysis of data from 16 asymptomatic adults (aged 20 to 30 years) was carried out. Exclusion criteria were history of injury or accident to the cervicothoracic spine, cervicothoracic spine surgery, or treatment for neck symptoms. We used three different pi...

BACKGROUND Disorders of the cervical spine are often observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the best head position for RA patients with atlantoaxial subluxation in the perioperative period is unknown. This study investigated head position during general anesthesia for the patients with RA and proven atlantoaxial subluxation. METHODS During anesthesia of patients with RA...