0030-4018/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2009.05.033 * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (Z. Zhen We report a novel design of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a rectangular array of four closely-spaced, highly elliptical air holes in the core region and a circular-air-hole cladding. The proposed PCF is able to support ultra-wideband sing...

A distributed Brillouin fiber sensor has been employed to detect localized pipe-wall buckling in an energy pipe by measuring the longitudinal and hoop strain distributions along the outer surface of the pipe for the first time. The locations of the localized pipe-wall buckling are found and distinguished using their corresponding strain-load data. The formation of the buckling process for the c...

Buried water and gas pipe systems form part of critical infrastructure providing essential services to the community. In many global population centres including in Australia, this vital infrastructure has been installed several decades ago, and dealing with frequent pipe failures become a major problem. There are clear evidences that pipe failures significantly depend on pipe strains induced b...

This paper determines most common model of in-pipe robots to derive its degree of freedom in order to compare with the necessary degree of freedom required for a system to move inside pipelines freely in order to derive analytical reason for losing control of in-pipe robots at branched pipe. DOF of most common mechanism in in-pipe robots can be calculated by considering the robot as a parallel ...

OBJECTIVES A water pipe (hookah) is a tobacco smoking tool which is thought to be more harmless than a cigarette, and there are no adequate studies about its hazards to health. Water-pipe smoking is threatening health of the youth in the world today. The objective of this study has been to investigate the carbon monoxide (CO) levels in breath, examine the changes in pulmonary function tests (PF...

Sewer overflows may cause communities to be vulnerable to various health problems and other monetary losses. This puts a lot of burden on responsible to minimize end user complaints. Therefore, crack prediction would be helpful to facilitate decision makers to control sewer overflow problems and prioritize inspection and rehabilitation needs . The accurate prediction of current underground sewe...

In this work, we explore the possibility of using photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) as a fiber-optic sensing platform for structural health monitoring, based on long-period gratings (LPGs). Two types of PCF-LPG sensors are proposed for detection of structure corrosion and vibration, respectively. We numerically and experimentally investigate the behaviors of modal transition in the PCF-LPG humidit...

R.Bęczkowski, Institute of Mechanical Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland Hardness is one of the components responsible for the resistance to wear. The development of new materials with hardness surface more than 65 HRC is possible with use welding technologies. High chromium cored wires belong to welding materials that are often used to cladding to protect surface. This ar...

A thermal analysis and structure of a ridge single mode waveguide with a metal heater are presented. The steady-state temperature increases linearly and the thermal response becomes slower at the same power consumption, when the under-etched depth in the lower cladding increases. When the upper cladding thickness decreases, the thermal response becomes faster. This shows that a thinner upper cl...