Pituitary tumor apoplexy is a medical emergency due to acute infarction or hemorrhage in the pituitary gland. In this review, the authors discuss the sellar anatomy, the pituitary gland and adenomas' vascularization and the general aspects of the syndrome such as its ethiopatogenesis, predisposing factors, clinical features, treatment and prognosis.

Melanoma metastases to the pituitary gland are extremely rare, with only a few reported cases. We report an unusual case of pituitary metastatic melanoma in which the patient presented with pituitary apoplexy. A 68-year-old man presented general fatigue and anorexia following sudden headache. Neurological examination disclosed bitemporal hemianopsia. Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a su...

Pituitary apoplexy occurs after infarction of a non-neoplastic pituitary or sudden expansion of an adenoma following haemorrhage or infarction. It usually occurs spontaneously but can follow a number of causes including pituitary stimulation tests. Since this complication is potentially life-threatening, the benefits of subjecting patients who might have pituitary tumours to such tests should b...

A 30-year-old woman had uterine bleeding and hypotension after delivery. Hyponatremic seizures and a mild headache prompted early neuroimaging, which disclosed an enlarged nonhemorrhagic pituitary gland with subsequent involution consistent with pituitary apoplexy (Sheehan syndrome). Endocrinologic investigation confirmed a partial pituitary insufficiency with subsequent improvement to almost n...

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE A patient with pituitary apoplexy resulting from lymphocytic adenohypophysitis, which caused visual disturbance during pregnancy, is described. This is the first report of such case. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 23-year-old primigravida in her 25th week of gestation experienced headache and bitemporal hemianopsia of sudden onset. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a...

Lymphocytic hypophysitis represents a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The clinical presentation of this inflammatory condition may mimic that pituitary adenoma with apoplexy. We report case 45 years old male patient acute adrenal crisis complicating chronic hypopituitarism secondary to lymphocytic hypophysitis. was managed acutely high dose steroids supportive measures, is curre...