A tabletop high-brightness line-emitting laser-plasma soft x-ray source utilizing single microscopic droplets as target is shown to produce several orders of magnitude less debris than conventional-target sources. Quantitative measurements of debris deposition rates and x-ray flux at different directions around the droplet plasma are presented. With ethanol droplets and a 10 HZ, 70 m.l/pulse la...

Despite the large and growing literature on microplastics in the ocean, little information exists on microplastics in freshwater systems. This study is the first to evaluate the abundance, distribution, and composition of pelagic microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake. We quantified pelagic microplastics and shoreline anthropogenic debris in Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia. With an ave...

Each year vast amounts of plastic are produced worldwide. When released to the environment, plastics accumulate, and plastic debris in the world's oceans is of particular environmental concern. More than 60% of all floating debris in the oceans is plastic and amounts are increasing each year. Plastic polymers in the marine environment are exposed to sunlight, oxidants and physical stress, and o...

Abstract Growing evidence of the prevalence plastics in oceanic environment is causing increasing concern. In this study we consider possible impact major changes to supply and consumption plastics. While recognize that tackling problem plastic debris ocean calls for integrated solutions, our analysis contributes filling gap knowledge about effectiveness intervention strategies. Our results fin...

Plastic ingestion by adult Procellariiformes has been widely recorded, but few studies have evaluated intergenerational transfer. We assessed the prevalence of plastic particles, as well as their basic characteristics, in the gut content of dead Cory's shearwater fledglings stranded by light pollution on Canary Islands. Eighty-three percent of birds were affected, containing on average 8.0 plas...

Baseline measurements were made of the amount and weight of beached marine debris on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, June 2008-July 2010. On 23 surveys, 32,696 total debris objects (identifiable items and pieces) were collected; total weight was 740.4 kg. Seventy-two percent of the total was pieces; 91% of the pieces were made of plastic materials. Pieces were composed primarily of polyethylene and ...

in this research the effect of volume and morphology of eutectic carbides on tribological behaviour of ni-hard 4 cast irons have been investigated. therefore, as a result of the fact that the carbon content effects the carbides morphology of ni-hard cast irons, the chemical compositions of five different specimens were kept constant with the exception of the carbon content, which was varied fro...

Plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, yet estimates of the global abundance and weight of floating plastics have lacked data, particularly from the Southern Hemisphere and remote regions. Here we report an estimate of the total number of plastic particles and their weight floating in the world's oceans from 24 expeditions (2007-2013) across all five sub-tropical gyr...