Thus far, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations fail to predict the electrostatic charging of particle–gas flows reliably. The lack a predictive tool leads powder operations prone deposits and discharges, making chemical plants unsustainable prime candidates for explosions. This paper reviews rapid progress numerical models in recent years, their limitations, outlines future research. ...

Conveying of granular material in the manufacturing process is quite common. The transport system design directly affected by properties and conditions. Grainy materials can be transported not only mechanical methods such as belt, screw, bucket so on but also pneumatic hydraulic systems. It a general requirement for conveying equipment to allow both horizontal vertical able with minimum energy ...