Poliovirus is the etiological agent of poliomyelitis. From the observations that only simians are susceptible to poliovirus infection and that 37 amino acid sites (the poliovirus-binding associated [PBA] sites) in the domain D1 of CD155 are involved in the binding to poliovirus, it is considered that the susceptibility to poliovirus infection evolved through amino acid substitutions that occurr...

Poliovirus infection results in the disintegration of intracellular membrane structures and formation of specific vesicles that serve as sites for replication of viral RNA. The mechanism of membrane rearrangement has not been clearly defined. Replication of poliovirus is sensitive to brefeldin A (BFA), a fungal metabolite known to prevent normal function of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) fam...

In poliovirus-infected HeLa cells, the mechanism of protein synthesis initiation factor recognition of m7G cap groups on mRNA is impaired. Translation of capped host cell mRNAs is inhibited, whereas translation of uncapped poliovirus mRNA proceeds exclusively. The site of this defect has been localized to the cap-binding protein complex (CBPC). To elucidate the specific structural and functiona...

BACKGROUND Dutch people born between 1925 and 1945 were ineligible for vaccination with the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) introduced in 1957 and may have escaped natural infection because of reduced poliovirus circulation. We examined whether people with low or undetectable antibody levels are susceptible to infection and whether memory immunity provides protection against virus excretio...

When HeLa cells were simultaneously infected with a high multiplicity of poliovirus and a low multiplicity of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a definite inhibition of NDV growth was observed, while the growth of poliovirus was unaffected. Moreover, under conditions where the multiplication of poliovirus was prevented by guanidine, which is known to inhibit the formation of the ribonucleic acid (...

3-Methylquercetin is a natural flavone that powerfully blocks poliovirus replication. This compound inhibits selectively poliovirus RNA synthesis both in infected cells and in cell-free systems. Poliovirus double-stranded RNA (replicative forms) is still made in the presence of this inhibitor, whereas the synthesis of single-stranded RNA and the formation of replicative intermediates are drasti...

Polio eradication requires the removal of all polioviruses from human populations, whether wild poliovirus or those emanating from the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The Polio Eradication & Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 provides a framework for interruption of wild poliovirus transmission in remaining endemic foci and lays out a plan for the new polio end game, which includes the withdrawal ...

The effect of raw and anaerobically digested sludge on heat inactivation of poliovirus was investigated. Raw sludge was found to be very protective of poliovirus plaque-forming ability at all temperatures studied, but digested sludge had variable effects that were highly dependent upon the experimental conditions. In low concentrations and at relatively low inactivation temperatures, digested s...

BACKGROUND We conducted a clinical trial of fractional doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine administered to infants in Oman, in order to evaluate strategies for making the vaccine affordable for use in developing countries. METHODS We compared fractional doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (0.1 ml, representing one fifth of a full dose) given intradermally with the use of a needle-free...

BACKGROUND Poliovirus outbreaks are still reported in Nigeria despite renewed efforts to improve vaccine coverage, thus suggesting the existence of susceptible hosts. Also, there is anecdotal evidence of variation in vaccine coverage by region and specifically between urban and rural communities. Consequently, this study assessed neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus serotypes among children in...