Over the past few years Papua New Guinea has implemented a series of major political reforms in the electoral, political party and parliamentary arenas. In what constitutes an extremely ambitious attempt to change the way Papua New Guinea’s political system works, the broad aim of this process of political engineering is to strengthen political parties, promote more broadly supported candidates...

This paper argues that the study of policy incidence in industrial organization needs to take the endogeneity of government into account. The point is made by investigating whether political considerations are important in terms of understanding the causes and effects of deregulation using data provided by the OECD. In particular, we address two interrelated questions: (i) do political and inst...

Political socialization is the process by which the transition of political cultures takes place from one generation to another.In the other words political socialization is continuous in whole of life, in which political personality of people is formed. Many factors affect people political socialization that some of them are; Family, Mass Media, School and Peer Groups. This research represents...

In this article, I use Albert Hirschman's consumer-based 'exit' and 'voice' concepts in order to set out the political ecology of voice (PEV), an innovative theoretical framework that aims to examine the causes of environmental pollution from a new angle. I begin by providing a brief overview of political ecology, and why it provides such a useful framework from which to position Hirschman's id...

This article explores the interplay of political enthusiasm as a form of fandom and the creation and disappearance of trust as a result of the evolving relationship between fans and their objects of fandom. Drawing on semistructured interviews with supporters of Barack Obama and the UK Liberal Democrats, the article illustrates how the bond between fans and their political fan object is built i...

The Citizens United v. FEC United States Supreme Court decision in January of 2010 historically ruled that donating money to political causes is considered free speech under the constitution, and that corporations are people, thus giving them a constitutional right to donating money under the First Amendment. The ruling opened the floodgates for huge amounts of money into the US political syste...

Immigration and asylum are key political issues in Britain and the European Union. Yet the policies of states and supranational bodies seem to have had little success in preventing unwanted flows and effectively managing immigration and integration. This article examines three types of reasons for policy failure: factors arising from the social dynamics of the migratory process; factors linked ...

The left right political spectrum is a common way of classifying political issues along a one-dimensional political spectrum. The perspective of Left vs. Right is a binary interpretation of complex questions, but it also highly a ects the way we look at the world, just like a lterin front our eyes, even causes some distirtions. From media, like news, can provide a good way to see how the di ere...

Pakistani doctors (MBBS) are emigrating towards developed countries for professional adjustments. This study aims to highlight causes and consequences of doctors’ brain drain from Pakistan. Primary data was collected from Mayo Hospital, Lahore by interviewing doctors (n=100) through systematic random sampling technique. It found that various socio-economic and political conditions are working a...