restriction of free submission of iranian manuscripts is not a new matter. however, the recent political decision of the usa office of foreign assets control of the department of the treasury saying who can and who cannot publish scientific papers in journals is completely against free distribution of data in scholarly and scientific communities and scientific journals and publications which re...

We develop a theory of the emergence of minority and majority governments in multiparty parliamentary systems using a canonical non-cooperative bargaining model and assuming a policy space of arbitrary finite dimension, any number of political parties, and a general class of preferences over the government agreement space. Only majority governments form in the absence of significant political d...

In the last fifty years, perhaps no facet of American constitutional democracy has changed more than campaigns for judicial office. Judicial elections long stood in sharp contrast to elections for executive, legislative, or administrative office. In keeping with the judicial role of impartial adjudicator, judicial candidates historically avoided political controversy and campaigned on “polite p...

Do firms benefit from political connections? If so, what are the underlying mechanisms behind the positive relationship? Using an original dataset of close to 3,000 politically connected firms in Russia, I examine the widespread but understudied strategy of businesspeople directly running for elected office. The paper employs a regression discontinuity design to identify the causal effect of ga...

Perhaps the crowning achievement of mature democracies is the peaceful acceptance of the ballot box as the primary instrument for deciding who should hold power in society. We do not have to go far back in the history of most democratic states, however, to find a distinct role for political violence. Moreover, many inhabitants of the globe still remain at risk of falling prey to widespread viol...