Japan’s population is aging faster than any other nation’s, producing many more older voters, and raising an important question related to intergenerational equity. Do voters prioritize their short-term self-interest at the expense of generations? I find that in Japan are surprisingly less self-interested—even similarly aged advanced economies—in maximizing benefits as service consumers detrime...

In the social sciences, informality is regularly discussed as a territory: ‘the informal city’. However, during Covid-19 pandemic, precarious workers gained attention people were targeted for cash transfer policies to increase adherence and diminish negative impact of distancing policies. Focusing on highlighted new discussions about informality. this Introduction, I discuss theories practices ...