Outdoor lighting is becoming increasingly widespread, and residents are suffering from serious light pollution as a result. Residents’ awareness of their rights to protection has gradually increased. However, due to the sometimes-inaccessible nature of residential vertical light incidence intensity data and the high cost of obtaining specific measurements, there is no appropriate hierarchic com...

Urban air pollution is a major concern in many cities worldwide. Atmospheric pollutants are responsible for health problems ranging from asthma to cancer. Air pollution also causes environmental damages. Monitoring airborne pollutants is of utmost importance to reliably assess the impact of air pollution on the human health, enable urban planners to craft and accurately evaluate new policies, a...

Since the passage of the environmental legislation in the early 1970's, critics have attacked these laws as being unnecessary and for contributing significantly to the problem of inflation in the United States. This paper is an attempt to put the inflationary costs of air pollution into perspective by considering them in light of the cost, especially to public health, of not proceeding with pol...

CONTEXT . China's rapid economic development has come at the cost of severe environmental degradation, most notably from coal combustion. Outdoor air pollution is associated with >300000 deaths, 20 million cases of respiratory illness, and a health cost of >500 billion renminbi (>3% of gross domestic product) annually. The young are particularly susceptible to air pollution, yet there has been ...

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are one of the most important organic pollutants frequently found in the environment. in this experiment, the effect of phytoremediation as a cost effective method was studied on the concentration of anthracene (c14h10) which is one of pahs. the effect of sorghum (v1), hairy vetch (v2) and oat (v3) was studied under four concentrations of anthracene (s1, ...

I study the optimal design of marketable permit systems to regulate various pollutants (e.g., air pollution in urban areas) when the regulator lives in a real world of imperfect information and incomplete enforcement. I show that the regulator should have pollution markets integrated through optimal exchange rates when the marginal-abatement cost curves in the different markets are steeper than...

SCR and FGD are making a significant contribution to the control of NOx and SO2 emissions from coal-fired generating units. These technologies are expected to contribute to further reductions in pollutant emissions in response to proposed emission reduction rules. The ability of these technologies to make significant contributions to pollution reduction in a cost-effective manner depends, in pa...

This paper introduces the fleet size and mix pollution-routing problem which extends the pollution-routing problem by considering a heterogeneous vehicle fleet. The main objective is to minimize the sum of vehicle fixed costs and routing cost, where the latter can be defined with respect to the cost of fuel and CO2 emissions, and driver cost. Solving this problem poses several methodological ch...

A. S. Kaboli · D. G. Carmichael · Emission and Cost Configurations in Earthmoving Operations · pp 393-402 Introduction Earthmoving operations typically involve a fleet of trucks cycling between an excavator/loader and dump points. The analysis to obtain the optimum fleet size based on minimum cost per production (unit costs) is well-established, whereas little attention has been paid to the min...

one of the main problems in the quality control of rivers is the high control cost imposed upon pollutant units. the cooperative policy approach in the treatment process between two or more pollutant units is a new and economic perspective in the environmental management of catchment basins. origins of large amounts pollutants which require a high cost to control pollution are trying to start p...