We present algorithms to count paths and cycles of a given length in a directed graph. The algorithms have time complexity O(2 n poly n) and space complexity O(poly n).

Milkfish satay processing has been left viscera waste that may causes environmental pollution. The contained omega-3 which can be extracted as fish oil. Dry rendering is a method of oil extracting using temperature without water addition. extraction greatly affects to quality purpose this study was determine the optimal and characterized from milkfish viscera. This used dry methode with three d...

This research describes the preparation and sensor applications of multifunctional monodisperse, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles-embedded poly(styrene)/poly(thiophene) (Fe₃O₄-PSt/PTh), core/shell nanoparticles. Monodisperse Fe₃O₄-PSt/PTh nanoparticles were prepared by free-radical combination (mini-emulsion/emulsion) polymerization for Fe₃O₄-PSt core and oxidative seeded emulsion polymerization for PTh she...

Abnormal behavior of dopant activation was observed in P + /B + ion shower doped poly-Si upon post implant annealing. Phosphorous or boron was implanted by ion shower doping using a source gas mixture of PH3/H2 or B2H6/H2. Activation annealing was conducted using a tube furnace in the temperature ranges from 350 o C to 650 o C. Hall measurement revealed that reverse annealing occurred for poly-...

Oxidative cleavage of poly(cis-1,4-isoprene) by rubber oxygenase RoxA purified from Xanthomonas sp. was investigated in the presence of different combinations of (16)O(2), (18)O(2), H(2)(16)O, and H(2)(18)O. 12-oxo-4,8-dimethyl-trideca-4,8-diene-1-al (ODTD; m/z 236) was the main cleavage product in the absence of (18)O-compounds. Incorporation of one (18)O atom in ODTD was found if the cleavage...

We prove the following results: (i) PV proves NP ⊆ P/poly iff PV proves coNP ⊆ NP/O(1). (ii) If PV proves NP ⊆ P/poly then PV proves that the Polynomial Hierarchy collapses to the Boolean Hierarchy. (iii) S2 proves NP ⊆ P/poly iff S 1 2 proves coNP ⊆ NP/O(log n). (iv) If S2 proves NP ⊆ P/poly then S 1 2 proves that the Polynomial Hierarchy collapses to P[log n]. (v) If S2 proves NP ⊆ P/poly the...

The title compound, [Na(C12H8N2O8P)], consists of one Na(+) cation and one bis-(p-nitro-phen-yl)phosphate anion with a considerable distortion of the phosphate tetra-hedron due to the presence of two P-O ester bonds. The anion bridges five Na(+) cations whereby each cation is chelated by the nitro O atoms of one anion and bonded via a nitro O atom and phosphate O atoms to four other anions. Thi...

Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-supported copper iodide nanoparticles is reported as a new, green and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of aryl-14H-dibenzo [a-o] xanthenes under solvent-free conditions. This catalyst can be recovered by simple filtration and recycled up to 8 consecutive runs without any loss of their efficiency.