We have synthesized a homologous series of soluble, linearly conjugated oligomers and related polymers using molybdenum alkylidene catalysts. We have developed HPLC procedures to isolate the oligomers according to their chain lengths and have obtained the absorption spectra of the purified oligomers in room temperature solutions and in 77 K glasses. The oligomer absorption spectra are structure...

Structural pre-organization of the multivalent ligands is important for successful interaction with multimeric proteins. Polymer-based heterobifunctional ligands that contain pendant groups prearranged into heterodimers can be used to probe the active site and surrounding area of the receptor. Here we describe the synthesis and activities of a series of galactose conjugates on polyacrylamide an...

The last decade has seen successful clinical application of polymer-protein conjugates (e.g. Oncaspar, Neulasta) and promising results in clinical trials with polymer-anticancer drug conjugates. This, together with the realisation that nanomedicines may play an important future role in cancer diagnosis and treatment, has increased interest in this emerging field. More than 10 anticancer conjuga...

Lipid-drug conjugates (LDCs) are drug molecules that have been covalently modified with lipids. The conjugation of lipids to drug molecules increases lipophilicity and also changes other properties of drugs. The conjugates demonstrate several advantages including improved oral bioavailability, improved targeting to the lymphatic system, enhanced tumor targeting, and reduced toxicity. Based on t...

We show that 4-dimensional conjugation manifolds are all obtained from branched 2-fold coverings of knotted surfaces in Z2-homology 4-spheres.

We discuss the possibility of observing atomic phase conjugation from Bose condensates, and using it as a diagnostic tool to access the spatial coherence properties and to measure the lifetime of the condensate. We argue that since phase conjugation results from the scattering of a partial matter wave off the spatial grating produced by two other waves, it offers a natural way to directly measu...

She notices the formal similarity between the stem tuk‘attachINTRANS’ in (1a) and tuke‘attachTRANS’ in (1b). These two represent the two main verb conjugations in Japanese: tukrepresents the consonant stem or godan conjugation, while tukerepresents the vowel stem or ichidan conjugation. The learner also notices the grammatical relationship between the two stems: tukis the intransitive and tuket...

The topographic features at the cell–material biointerface are critical for cellular sensing of extracellular environment (ECM) and have gradually been recognized as key factors that regulate cell adhesion behavior. Herein, a well-defined nanostructured is fabricated via new generation mussel-inspired polymer coating to mimic native ECM structures. Upon bioinert background presence biospecific ...