Peripheral venous catheterization is a frequently required basic procedure in hospital care. However, scientific consideration of the keys for successful catheterization has been inadequate. According to previous reports, the general success rate of peripheral venous catheterization is 74% to 88% [1]. Two nonrandomized controlled trials have implied that the larger the veins are, the easier the...

The toughness of a polymer glass is determined by the interplay of yielding, strain softening, and strain hardening. Molecular-dynamics simulations of a typical polymer glass, atactic polystyrene, under the influence of active deformation have been carried out to enlighten these processes. It is observed that the dominant interaction for the yield peak is of interchain nature and for the strain...

Polystyrene mounting medium obtainable Ltd, 20 Du The medium described by Kirkpatrick One pounc and Lendrum (1939) and named by them mountant DPX (Distrene plasticised in xylene) was (75°% one replaced by a better formula in 1941. This medium BPS (butyl phthalate plasticised styrene) has given excellent and economical service until recently. The current trouble was not due to the makers of the ...

Deuterium labeling has been shown previously to affect thermodynamic interactions at polymer surfaces, polymer/polymer heterogeneous interfaces, and in bulk (away from a surface or interface). However, the changes in polymer-polymer interactions due to deuterium labeling have not been thoroughly investigated for highly immiscible systems. It is shown here that deuterium labeling can influence p...

The uncertainties of the mean diameters of the nominal 1.0 µm SRM(®) 1690 polystyrene spheres and of the nominal 0.3 µm SRM(®) 1691 polystyrene spheres are recomputed using the current NIST Guidelines for computing uncertainty. The revised expanded uncertainty (approximately 95 % confidence level) for SRM(®) 1690 polystyrene spheres is equal to 0.005 µm compared to previous value of 0.008 µm. T...

Monodisperse polystyrene nanospheres with a mean diameter of 102 nm are photofragmented with 193 nm light in N2 at laser fluences from 1 to 20 J/cm2. Carbon atom fluorescence at 248 nm from the disintegration of the particles is used as a signature of the polystyrene. The normalized fluorescence signals are self-similar with an exponential decay lifetime of approximately 10 ns. At fluences abov...

Interand intra-molecular forces are the driving forces responsible for the creation of an interface between a microorganism and a naturally occurring mineral or man-made material. We have used atomic force microscopy to directly measure forces between a Staphylococcus aureus bacterium and each of two materials (silica and polystyrene) in an electrolyte solution. Force “spectra” were collected b...