BACKGROUND Heparin solution is routinely used to maintain the patency of infusion devices. Literature supports the alternative use of normal saline solution for flushing and locking intravenous infusion devices especially for pediatric patients. There is uncertainty regarding safety and efficacy of this policy for intermittent locking of implanted ports. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates efficac...

In the last decade, the shipping industry and the global seaborne trade has witnessed a rapid growth due to globalization of the world economy, boom in international trade and borderless investments. As competition among international ports has intensified, the evaluation of port operational efficiency has become increasingly important to enable individual ports to reflect on its current status...

introduction: investigation of job stress among people who have experienced accidents could help to recognize causes of events in workplaces. the objective of this study was to measure frequency and severities of work stressors among staff employed at the hormozgan ports & sailing organization, and determine its relationship with accidents. methods: this cross-sectional study included 320 hormo...

A group of 26 European ports was interviewed to understand their requirements for environmental information and to establish how widespread the use of Earth Observation (EO) data was amongst them. Aspects covered by the research included port profile characterisation, environmental management activities, environmental needs and current monitoring practices. The study reflected the diversity amo...

Border ports play a substantial role in socio-economic exchanges, which reflect the diplomatic relations between neighboring countries. This paper maps and analyzes the evolution process of border ports in China since the 1930s, in terms of the spatial distribution, transport modes, cargo and flows of people. Four development modes of border ports and cities are summarized based on the function...

Due to its high capital investment, operating and maintenance cost, a port should be managed as efficiently as possible. Learning from the best practices ports operating under similar conditions is a very useful strategy for maintaining competiveness. Under such a competitive environment, port performance measurement is not only a powerful management tool for port operations, but also constitut...

Ballast water treatment consists of the elimination of exotic species. Currently, the development of alternative methods for this process is directed toward treatment onboard ships. However, we present onshore treatment as a viable alternative for ballast water treatment. We investigated onshore treatment in two iron ore ports with movement capacities of 25 and 90 million tons annually (Mta) th...

The existing literature on the hydrogen supply chains has knowledge gaps. Most studies focus production, storage, transport, and utilisation but neglect ports which are nexuses in chains. To fill gap, this paper focuses ports' readiness for upcoming international trade. Potential exporting importing screened. Ports' export import reviewed from perspectives of infrastructure, risk management, pu...

A computational study of a directinjection (DI) engine intake system using KIVA-3V was conducted. The engine considered had two intake ports designed to generate a swirling motion of the intake charge in the cylinder. To investigate the effect of adding shrouds to the intake valves on swirl, two sets of intake valves were considered; the first set consisted of conventional valves, and the secon...