The value of two heat sum methods, one linear (degree days > 5 degrees C) and the other curvilinear (period units), were assessed together with calendar days as predictors of the duration of microsporogenesis in seven natural stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and eleven natural stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Microsporogenesis was divided into two subperiods: March 1...

During growth, kernel of cereals can be provided with carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) from the translocation of pre-anthesis accumulated reserves stored either in the vegetative plant parts or from current assimilation during kernel development. This study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen level and cultivars on dry matter and N accumulation and mobilization during pre-anthesis and ...

Saline-alkali stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that severely affect rice yield. However, mechanism by which saline-alkali regulates grain filling in still unclear. In this study, Oryza sativa L. spp. Indica cultivar Chaoyou1000 (C1000) was exposed to post-anthesis conditions at 6 days after anthesis, significantly reduced weight suppressing accumulation starch and non-structural carb...

Cotton grown in the Mississippi Delta often flowers in temperatures that are suboptimal for the species. High-temperature stress leads to a decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency of the plant and hinders proper growth and development. If the efficiency is hindered for a significant period of time, then the plant must repartition resources to facilitate its survival rather than for reproducti...

The 14-3-3 gene family members play key roles in various cellular processes. However, little is known about the numbers and roles of 14-3-3 genes in wheat. The aims of this study were to identify TaGF14 numbers in wheat by searching its whole genome through blast, to study the phylogenetic relationships with other plant species and to discuss the functions of TaGF14s. The results showed that co...

Two hundred S 1 generation selfed seeds of maize (Zea mays L.) along with their parents (nine) and few checks (sixteen) were raised in ear-to-row progenies during post rainy season 2012 with two replications, were evaluated under stress condition by using lattice square design (15x15). The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences for eighteen characters except relative wate...

When faced with limited resources, juvenile salmonid fish form dominance hierarchies that result in social stress for socially subordinate individuals. Social stress, in turn, can have consequences for the ability of the fish to respond to additional stressors such as pathogens or exposure to pollutants. In the present study, the possibility that social stress affects the ability of rainbow tro...

Fish are exposed to many kinds of environmental stressors and the chances of succumbing to infectious diseases may be increased a result. For example, an acute increase in temperature can induce numerous physiological changes in the body. In the present study, we examined the redox state in response to a severe acute stress resulting from heat shock in teleost coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)...

21 A recent study demonstrated that heat stress induces mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 22 myotubes, thereby implying that heat stress may be an effective treatment to enhance 23 endurance training-induced mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle. However, 24 whether heat stress actually induces mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle in vivo 25 is unclear. We herein report the novel...