care of surgical patients with temporary mental dys-function is one of the biggest challenges for the anesthesiologist in the recovery room. This temporary mental dysfunction presents with two different faces: one is emergence agitation (EA) in pediatric patients and the other is delirium in geriatric patients. EA is the clinical condition of pediatric patients who are suffering from temporary ...

Objective: To compare the effect of dexmedetodeidine and nicardipine alone in transnasal endoscopic pituitary tumor resection, to find a more suitable controlled antihypertensive regimen. Methods: 40 patients under elective general anesthesia (ASA grade I I) were randomly divided into group (N group) dexmedetomidine + (D 0 group), 2 N group). It was same, before initiation (T0), 10min after pum...

BACKGROUND The main goal of endodontic treatment is to achieve cleaning and shaping prior to the filling process. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate, using atomic absorption spectrometry, the release of Calcium ions after the use of different chelating agents and protocols of agitation. METHOD Ninety human canine teeth were randomly assigned to one of nine groups (n=10), as follows: 1) ...

Benzocaine is a widely used topical anaesthetic and has been reported to cause toxic methaemoglobinaemia in otherwise healthy individuals with no predisposing risk factors. This article reports on a rare case of benzocaine-induced methaemoglobinaemia following adenotonsillectomy in a 5-year-old girl. Topical benzocaine was applied orally for the relief of postoperative wound pain on the eighth ...

Emergence Agitation (EA) is a common postoperative problem especially in children. It is more common in paediatric age group especially with low blood gas solubility inhalational agents like Sevoflurane and Desflurane. Other factors contributing to increase EA are head and neck surgeries, preoperative anxiety and pain. It increases the risk of postoperative physical trauma to patient like surgi...

The latter is defined as a confusional state with acute onset and fluctuating course. It is characterised by inattention, disorganised thinking, hallucinations and alteration in consciousness. The hyperactive form (agitation) is more often in the middle age group whereas the hypoactive, lethargic form is predominately seen in the elderly. Delirium or acute confusional state is increasingly reco...

There are several etiologies for agitation and headache in the recovery room, including preoperative or intraoperative drug administrations, physical disorders such as painful surgical procedures, and finally, unusual consequences of some operations such as subarachnoid hemorrhage after orbital decompression, a disastrous complication that should be particularly considered whenever facing any s...

background: agitation is an early symptom of the acute opioid withdrawal syndrome in addicts that may start by inappropriate use of naltrexone. the current drug interventions are not efficient or need critical care as well. this study compares the clinical role of midazolam and diazepam for the management of agitation due to inappropriate use of naltrexone. materials and methods: in this double...

OBJECTIVES To compare chart- and interview-based methods for identification of delirium. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Two academic medical centers. PARTICIPANTS Individuals aged 70 and older undergoing major elective surgery (N = 300) (majority orthopedic surgery). MEASUREMENTS Participants were interviewed daily during hospitalization for delirium using the Confusion Assess...