introduction bacterial biofilms can be both useful and harmful based on their combination and locations. biofilm formation occurs as a stepwise process. their formation in liquid transportation pipes used for milking system and drinking water in animal farms may create some problems and is a potential source of pollution. speed of biofilm formation depends on many factors including: constructio...

To screen large numbers of sera, a method was devised which utilizes the Steers-Foltz replicator which is usually used to determine minimal inhibitory concentration for antibiotics. Each of the wells (9 by 15 mm) of the replicator is filled with 0.06 ml of serum, 0.02 ml of a 10(5) suspension of organisms, and 0.02 ml of diluent (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-hydrochloride buffer, pH 8.4). Th...

Wax-coated capsules containing selective ingredients (brilliant green and oxgall) were added at the time of inoculation of most-probable-number media (modified lactose broths). The inhibitory ingredients gradually diffused from the capsules into the nonselective media, imparting selectivity to the media. Concentrations of brilliant green did not reach inhibitory levels until 2 or more h had ela...

— In this paper we explicitly compute the first Vafa-Witten bound for a two-dimensional torus, namely the best uniform upper bound for the first eigenvalue of the family of twisted (by arbitrary vector potentials) Dirac operators on a flat two-torus. Starting with an arbitrary flat metric we give either an exact answer or a precise algorithm for producing an answer. As a by-product we develop a...

Backgrounds : The role of potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria of human milk   in  the  early  colonization and protection of infant against infections is the subject of increasing researches. Colonization with Lactobacillus plantarum in early infancy is suggested to be important for health in later life. However, we presently investigated the strain of Lactobacil...

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article traite de la conception d’une plate-forme multimodale d’information, dans laquelle des informations sont fournies et présentées à des utilisateurs mobiles de façon opportuniste. Elle repose sur KUP, un modèle d’interaction radicalement différent des modèles classiques en IHM. Les interactions sont basées sur la notion de proximité, que nous définissons formellement à partir ...

— Dans cet article, nous proposons une méthode pour le calcul des modèles dynamiques inverse et direct de l'Orthoglide, un robot parallèle à trois degrés de liberté en translation. Ces modèles sont calculés à partir des éléments du modèle dynamique de la structure d'une chaîne cinématique et des équations de Newton-Euler appliquées à la plate-forme. Ces modèles sont obtenus sous forme explicite...