A novel low power and Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic (PFAL) 5-input OR Gate is presented in this paper. The power consumption and general characteristics of the PFAL 5 input OR gate are then compared against two low power 5-input OR Gate; Efficient Charge Recovery Logic (ECRL), Conventional CMOS 5-input OR Gate. The proposed PFAL 5-input OR Gate design was proven to be superior to the other ...

hydropower power generation is one of the most important sources of renewable energies. small hydropower plants are becoming the most popular option of hydropower plants, which can be applied in small and remote places, and are able to produce cheap, clean and reliable electricity. in iran and most developing countries, electricity transmission to remote regions for reasons such as high transmi...

It is difficult to eliminate all market power in electricity markets and it is therefore frequently suggested that some market power should be tolerated: extra revenues contribute to fixed cost recovery, facilitate investment, and increase security of supply. This suggestion implicitly assumes all generation technologies benefit equally from market power. We assess a mixture of conventional and...

A unionized duopoly model to analyse how unions affect the incentives for merger is considered. It is found that both firms will merge if and only if unions are weak. However, once surplus-maximizing unions have the option to delegate the wage bargaining to wage-maximizing delegates (such as senior union members), both firms may have incentives to merge even if the union bargaining power is str...

The intermittent and unpredictable changes of power system load requires flexible generation of electricity that can rapidly adjust its output power to keep up with the fluctuations. However, many generators do not have this capability. Another option is to install utility scale energy storage. In order to evaluate the dynamics and benefits of a flywheel installation in a two-area system, a pow...

We propose a unified syntactic-semantic account of passive sentences and sentences with an unspecified object (John read). For both constructions, we employ option types for introducing implicit arguments into the syntactic-semantic categorial mechanism. We show the advantages of this approach over previous proposals in the domains of scope and unaccusatives. Unlike pure syntactic treatments, o...

1 Electrical Engineering Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks , Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 Abstract The University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) has recently acquired a commercial software product to complement power system analysis packages previously utilized in the UAF undergraduate power option, which include Power Technologies, Inc.’s (PTI) PSS/E and ASPEN One-Liner. The most recent acquisi...

We propose implied spreads (IS) and normalized (NIS) as simple measures to characterize option prices. IS is the credit spread of an option’s bond, portfolio long a risk-free bond short put option. NIS normalizes by risk-neutral default probability reflects tail risk. are countercyclical predict returns, while neither, like volatility, predicts returns. These opposite predictability results con...

this paper is a translation of a chapter of the hook written by jonathan e. ingersoll jr. the farsi translation will he of great help to iranian students studying option pricing models.