We have experimentally demonstrated the guiding, bending, and splitting of electromagnetic ~EM! waves in highly confined waveguides built around three-dimensional layer-by-layer photonic crystals by removing a single rod. Full transmission of the EM waves was observed for straight and bended waveguides. We also investigated the power splitter structures in which the input EM power could be effi...

A simple approach to producing a 1×N beam splitter is demonstrated by fabricating a volumetric multiplex phase Fresnel zone plate in bulk transparent material. This comprised four layers of zone plates created in borosilicate glass by femtosecond laser direct-writing, each shifted laterally relative to the illumination axis, creating four separate beamlets. Since the power transmitted in each b...

A triangular lattice of holes is etched deeply (> 3 μm) into the substrate using a combination of EBL and inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. Accuracy and reliability of the pattern transfer into the resist by EBL is ensured by using the NanoPECS software to correct for proximity effects. Devices are designed using 2D and 3D modelling tools and characterized using the End-Fire (por...

A newly developed ‘integrated services digital network’ (ISDN) splitter with bandstop (BS) topology is presented and compared to an actual ISDN splitter with a traditional lowpass (LP) topology. The LP-to-BS topology change reduced the amount of filter stages: a LP ISDN splitter requires an 8th order elliptic-like filter in order to be compliant to the standard ‘TS 101 952-1-4 V1.1.1’ [1] of th...

A class-AB four-quadrant current multiplier constituted by a class-AB current amplifier and a current splitter which can handle input signals in excess of ten times the bias current is presented. The proposed circuit operation is based on the exponential characteristic of BJTs or subthreshold MOSFETs. The multiplier is designed using the latter devices and achieves very low power consumption. S...

We present a low-loss, compact, polarization insensitive 3-dB optical power-splitter for submicron silicon waveguides. The splitter is optimized over broad wavelength span ranging from 1300 to 1700 nm through finite difference time domain simulations. junction footprint only 1.8 × 1.3 ?m, which smaller than previously reported broadband multimode splitters. Furthermore, the demonstrated device ...

We present an extensive study of an ultracompact grating-based beam splitter suitable for photonic integrated circuits (PICs) that have stringent density requirements. The 10 microm long beam splitter exhibits equal splitting, low insertion loss, and also provides a high extinction ratio in an integrated coherent balanced receiver. We further present the design strategies for avoiding mode dist...