There are three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) subtypes which are commonly designated PPAR alpha, PPAR gamma and PPAR beta/delta. PPAR alpha activation increases high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol synthesis, stimulates "reverse" cholesterol transport and reduces triglycerides. PPAR gamma activation results in insulin sensitization and antidiabetic action. Until rece...

Cancer is one of the leading causes mortality worldwide. PPAR modulators may hold great potential for management cancer patients. Indeed, PPARs are critical sensors and regulators lipid, they able to promote eNOS activation, regulate immunity inflammation response, affect proliferation differentiation cells. Cancer, a name given group diseases, characterized by multiple distinctive biological b...

Background—Cystic medial degeneration (CMD) is a histological abnormality that is common in annuloaortic ectasia (AAE) and aortic dissection with Marfan syndrome. Apoptosis and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is one of the features of CMD, but little is known about its pathogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR ), a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor su...

Glutamine possesses gut-protective effects both clinically and in the laboratory. We have shown in a rodent model of mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion that enteral glutamine increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and was associated with a reduction in mucosal injury and inflammation. The mechanism by which glutamine activates PPAR-γ is unknown, and we hypothesized that it...

Kintscher, Ulrich, and Ronald E. Law. PPAR -mediated insulin sensitization: the importance of fat versus muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288: E287–E291, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00440.2004.—Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR ) is a nuclear hormone receptor that functions as a transcriptional regulator in a variety of tissues. PPAR activation, e.g., through binding of the syn...

The antitumorigenicmechanismof cannabidiol is still controversial. This study investigates the role of COX2 and PPAR-g in cannabidiol’s proapoptotic and tumor-regressive action. In lung cancer cell lines (A549,H460) and primary cells from a patient with lung cancer, cannabidiol elicited decreased viability associated with apoptosis. Apoptotic cell death by cannabidiolwas suppressed byNS-398 (CO...

Rationale: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) ( , , and / ) are nuclear hormone receptors and ligand-activated transcription factors that serve as key determinants of myocardial fatty acid metabolism. Long-term cardiomyocyte-restricted PPAR deficiency in mice leads to depressed myocardial fatty acid oxidation, bioenergetics, and premature death with lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Ob...

Lipid-lowering fibrate drugs function as agonists for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR ). Sustained activation of PPAR leads to the development of liver tumors in rats and mice. However, humans appear to be resistant to the induction of peroxisome proliferation and the development of liver cancer by fibrate drugs. The molecular basis of this species differen...

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone-receptor superfamily. Originally cloned in 1990, PPARs were found to be mediators of pharmacologic agents that induce hepatocyte peroxisome proliferation. PPARs also are expressed in cells of the cardiovascular system. PPAR gamma appears to be highly expressed during atherosclerotic lesion formation, suggesting th...

Peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors belonging to the superfamily of nuclear receptors. The isoforms of PPAR include PPAR alpha, PPAR gamma and PPAR delta (also known as PPAR beta). Generally, PPARs potentiate insulin sensitivity, improve glucose/lipid metabolism, suppress inflammation/oxidative stress, attenuate excessive immune responses, regulate cell...